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GUIDE AND INDEX,, 

CHESHIRE L.,Ba0^m. 



THE LIBRARY OF WORK AND PLAY 
GUIDE AND INDEX 



THE 
LIBRAllY OF WORK AND TLAY 



(—Carpentry and Woodwork 
By Edwin W. Foster 

Electricity and Its Everyday Uses 
By John F. Woodhuli, Ph. D. 

Gardening and Farming 

By Ellen Eddy Shaw 

Home Decoration 

By Charles Franklin Warner, Sc. D. 

Housekeeping 

By Elizabeth Hale Gilman 

Mechanics, Indoors and Out 
By Fred T. Hodgson 

Needlecr^^ft 

By Effie Archer Archer 

Outdoor Sports and Games 

By Claude H. INliller, Ph. B. 

I Outdoor Work 

By Mary Rogers Miller 

W^orking in Metals 

By Charles Conrad Sleffel 




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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, INCLUDING THAT OF TRANSLATION 
INTO FOREIGN LANGUAGES, INCLUDING THE SCANDINAVIAN 

COPYRIGHT. IQI2, BY DOUBLFDAV, PAGE & COMPANY 






THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY. N. Y. 



^cuaiJ^cns 



CONTENTS 

CHAPTER PAGE 

I. Significance of the Crafts in the Life of a People ... 3 

II. The Cultivation of Taste and Design 16 

III. The Real Girl 28 

IV. That Boy 47 

V. A House and Lot — Especially the Lot 67 

VI. Vacations, Athletics, Scouting, Camping, Photography . . 78 

Index 85 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

Wireless station and workroom of George Riches 

Frontispiece 



FACING PAGE 



An example of furniture such as boys like .... 4 

Clay pots made for germination experiments ... 5 

The work of children between ten and eleven years 

of age 5 

Two examples of furniture grouping for the porch or 

outdoors 18 

The numerous photographs suggest disorder and 

dust 19 

An interesting curtain which might be duplicated 

by any girl 20 

Since flowers are so beautiful in themselves, is it not 

worth while to arrange them with judgment? . 21 

A school garden in Jordan Harbour, Ontario, Can. 28 

Domestic science class 29 

The work of girls in the public schools 30 

A children's garden gives fresh air and sunshine . 31 

All children love to play at being ^' grown up'' . . 32 
Girls must sometime learn of the conventions and 

customs of domestic arrangement .... 33 

A boys' camp with Ernest Thompson Seton ... 48 
The play idea very soon grows toward the represen- 
tation of primitive though adult customs and 

actions . 49 

A typical boy's workroom and shop 50 



Vll 



viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

The kind of shop which one may have at home . .51 

The kite fever is an annual disease 52 

Pump and waterwheel 53 

Boat made by Percy ^Yilson and Donald INIather . 54 
These are the forerunners of numerous other elec- 
trical constructions 55 

A real derrick in miniature 56 

Waterwheels and fan 57 

A self-recording telegraph receiver 58 

Wireless station and workroom of Donald Huxom . 59 

An electrical soldering iron and glue-pot .... 60 

Waterwheel connected with model lathe .... 61 

Excellent examples of high school work 62 

A manual training shop 63 

The machine shop 64 

The study of aeroplane construction 65 

A successful machine 64 

Finished aeroplanes 65 

The boy who does not love to camp is unique . . 68 
This and other illustrations of homes, show such 
places as people make when they care about 

appearance 69 

Even the most beautiful house must have a back- 
ground 70 

One should build a house as one builds a reputation 71 
Trees, shrubbery and law^n form the frame of the 

picture 72 

There was a time not long since, when people built 

houses according to style 73 

A school garden 74 

The Watchung School garden 75 

There is a fascination about raising animals whether 

for sale or as pets 76 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix 

Two more illustrations which will suggest plans for 

the future 77 

Every child^ and especially the boy, needs active 

outdoor exercise 78 

Organized play (woodcraft) under Ernest Thomp- 
son Seton 79 

More woodcraft. Has the boy had a chance at this 

kind of experience? 80 

Even the technical process of photography has been 

reduced to popular terms 81 

In these days photography has become so simplified 

that every child can use a camera to advantage 81 



THE LIBRARY OF WORK AND PLAY 
GUIDE AND INDEX 



CHAPTER I 



SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CRAFTS IN THE LIFE OF A 

PEOPLE 

THERE was never a time in the history of the 
world when each race, each nation, each 
community unit, each family almost, did 
not possess its craftsmen and artists. In every 
instance, these so-called gifted members were by 
no means the least important citizens; their names 
appeared again and again in the stream of tradition 
as wonder workers and idols of the people. This 
is still true in the very midst of a materialistic age, 
when money and mechanics work hand in hand to 
produce the most in the least time for economic 
reasons, and when the individual worships "hand- 
made things.'' They may even be poorly made or 
bizarre, but ''handwork'' satisfies the untutored. 
Now it is quite possible for the machine to produce 
a bit of jewelry, textile, or woodwork — even carving 
— quite as pleasing as any made by hand alone, and 
it is being done every day. But the machine-made; 



4 GUroE AND INDEX 

article must be produced in large quantities (dupli- 
cates) for profit, whereas the work of hand alone 
is unique. There lies the reason for reverence of 
"handwork/' It is always individual and char- 
acteristic of the workman in style or technique and 
has no duplicate; it is aristocratic. Among the 
primitives, the pot, necklace, or utensil was wrought 
by infinite labor, and, being valuable because unique, 
was embellished with all the wealth of current 
symbolism. It was preserved with care and became 
more valuable to succeeding generations as a tan- 
gible record of race culture and ideals. And so 
down to the present time, the handiwork of the 
craftsman and skilled artisan has always stood as 
the one imperishable record of racial development. 
The degree of finish, the intricacy of design and 
nicety of construction are evidences of skill and 
fine tools, well-organized processes, familiarity with 
material and careful apprenticeship: the pattern, 
color, ornament, and symbolism point to culture, 
learning, and standards of taste and beauty. A 
crude domestic economy, rude utensils, coarse, 
garish costume and of simple construction, are 
characteristic of an undeveloped social order. In 
fact, all the arts of both construction and expression 
exhibit at a given period the degree of civilization; 




Copyrigat, 1909. by Chesiure L. boone 

Clay Pots Made for Germination Experiments in Grade IV. of the 
Public School. The Boys of this Grade Built a Small Kiln in which 
these Pots were Fired 




The Work of Children between Ten and Eleven Years of Age 



GUIDE AND INDEX 5 

art products are true historical documents. Since 
then through their arts and crafts it is possible 
for one to know a people, does it not follow that 
one entrance to sympathy with the ideals and taste 
of the present time is through practice in the arts? 
Of course a considerable mass of information about 
them can be conveyed in words, especially to adults 
who have passed the formative period in life and 
have not the same ^i^or^-incentive as have children. 
But even the adult never really secretes much real 
knowledge of the arts unless he has worked in them. 
He acquires rather a veneer or artistic polish which 
readily loses its lustre in even a moderately critical 
atmosphere: he learns artistry and the laws per- 
taining thereto as he would learn the length of the 
Brooklyn Bridge or the population of El Paso. He 
merely learns to talk about art. But children learn 
primarily and solely by doings and the foundations 
of taste and culture need to be put down early that 
they may build upon them the best possible super- 
structure which time and opportunity permit. 

The foregoing paragraphs will perhaps have opened 
the way for questions: "What kind of knowledge 
is of most worth.? Why do children — practically 
all of them — try to make things, and what is their 
choice.?" And when these queries have been an- 



G GUIDE .\XD INDEX 

swered so far as may be, do the answers possess 
immediate value? 

At the outset it will be evident that no sort of 
knowledge will be of much avail until it is put in 
such form that the student can use it to advantage. 
Mere knowledge of any kind is inherently static — 
inert and often seemingly indigestible, like green 
fruit and raw meat. One too frequently meets 
college graduates, both men and women, equipped 
with so-called education, who are economic failures. 
These people are full of information, well up to date, 
but they seemingly cannot use it. Their assortment 
of knowledge is apparently in odd mental sizes 
which do not fit the machinery of practical thinking 
as applied to life: it is like gold on a desert isle. 
What the boy and girl need and desire is (1) a favor- 
able introduction to the sources of information, and 
(2) the key to its use. They will have to be shown 
simple facts and truths, and have their mental 
relations and importance explained. By gradually 
introducing new knowledge as occasion offers, the 
field of study is sufficiently widened. Children 
profit little by books and tools alone: they crave 
encouragement and some direct constructive criti- 
cism. In such an atmosphere their endeavors be- 
come significant and profitable, and the accumulated 



GUIDE AND INDEX 7 

learning will be applied to business or economic 
ideas which result in progressive thinking, which 
uses information as a tool, not an end in itself. 

If then the arts of a people stand as monuments 
to its beliefs and ideals, an intimate understanding 
of some of the arts ought to be provided for in every 
scheme of education both at home and in school. 
The child is by nature interested in the attributes 
of things associated with his life and upbringing. 
He wants to know about them, how they are made, 
and learn their uses by means of experiment. The 
elements of science, mechanics and natural phe- 
nomena, business and household art, and finally 
play (which is often adult living in miniature) — 
these comprise a large portion of the subject matter 
which is of prime importance to children. It is 
just such material as this which bids fair to serve 
in the future as the basis for public school curricula, 
simply because of its strong appeal to youth and 
its potential worth in forming the adult. 

The boy makes a kite, a telegraph outfit, or sled 
in order to give to his play a vestige of realism. 
He seeks to mold the physical world to personal 
desires, as men do. Incidentally he taps the general 
mass of scientific facts or data and extracts there- 
from no small amount of very real, fruitful informa- 



8 GUIDE AND INDEX 

tion. The result possesses marvelously suggestive 
and lasting qualities because it came through eflfort; 
because the boy wanted above all things to see his 
machine or toy ivork, move, or obey his guiding hand, 
he was willing to dig for the necessary understand- 
ing of the problem. His study brought about con- 
tact with numerous other lines of work which were 
not at the time, perhaps, germain to the subject, 
but were suggestive and opened various side lines 
of experiment to be considered later. Therein lies 
the lure of mechanics and craft work, gardening, 
outdoor projects, camping, etc. : the subject is never 
exhausted, the student can never ''touch bottom." 
There is always an unexplored path to follow up. 
The intensity of interest in mechanical things and 
in nature is the one influence which can hold the 
boy in line. Turn him loose among mechanical 
things where nicety of fitting and accurate work- 
manship are essential and he appreciates construc- 
tion immediately, because it is clear that workman- 
ship and efficiency go hand in hand. It is very much 
the same with the girl: she may not enjoy the 
tedium of mere sewing, but when the sewing serves 
a personal end, when sewing is essential to her 
greatest needs, these conditions provide the only, 
inevitable, sure stimulus to ambition and effort. 



GUIDE AND INDEX 9 

The school of the past, and often that of the 
present, has sought to produce the adult by fertiliz- 
ing the child with arithmetic, grammar, geography, 
and language. The process resulted in all kinds 
of crooked, stunted, oblique growth, the greatest 
assortment of ''sports'' (to use a horticultural 
term) the world has ever seen. It isn't intellectual 
food the child needs most (though some is very 
necessary); the real need is intensive cultivation. 
Within himself he possesses, like the young plant, 
great potential strength and virility, enough to 
produce a splendid being absolutely at one with his 
time and surroundings; he simply requires the 
chance to use the knowledge and opportunities 
which lie at hand. It is, then, the common subjects 
of every-day interest — science, business, nature 
and the like — which are the sources of knowledge 
which has greatest worth to children.^ They are 
the valuable ones because they are of the type which 
first attracts and holds the child's attention; they 
are concrete. Through them one may learn lan- 
guage and expression, because one has something 
worth saying. 

The second question, ''Why do children like to 
make things and what is their choice?" in the light 

* For the elaboration of this question as it concerns girls see Chapter IV. 



10 GUIDE AND INDEX 

of what has been said practically answers itself. 
Children work primarily in response to that law of 
nature w^hich urges the young to exercise their 
muscles, to become skilful and accurate in move- 
ment, for the sake of self-preservation and survival. 
It is another phase of the same law which makes one 
carry out in work, in concrete form, the ideas which 
come tumbling in from all conceivable sources. 
The child can only think and learn in terms of 
material things. Finally, the child's interests, the 
things he desires to make and do, are such as will 
minister to his individual or social needs, his play 
and imitation, and such as will satisfy his desire 
to produce articles of purpose. The need may be 
a temporary, minor one, but every child is stubborn 
on this one point, that everything he does must 
lead to utility of a sort; through such working with 
a purpose he in time rises to an appreciation of 
beauty and other abstract qualities. 

Now this complex condition of child and school 
and society, in which there is seemingly so much 
waste — "lost motion'' — has always existed; the 
facts are not new ones by any means. It is a con- 
dition where the child is always curious, inquisitive 
and ready to ''hook a ride" on the march of business, 
science and learning, but the school sternly com- 



GUIDE AND INDEX 11 

mands ''learn these stated facts because they are 
fundameutaF' (philosophically), while society, rep- 
resented by the parent, alternately abuses the 
school, which is collectively his own institution, 
or spoils the child by withholding the tools for 
learning easily. In the meantime the child, with 
the native adaptability and hardiness of true need, 
thrives in barren, untoward surroundings, and ma- 
tures notwithstanding. In other words, the school 
and society have always tended toward misunder- 
standing — toward a lack of mutual interest. In 
this period of uncertainty, of educational groping, 
the child is found in his leisure hours pushing along 
the paths which connect most directly with life 
and action, shunning the beaten but roundabout 
highways of custom and conservatism. 

The deductions are evident and clear-cut. If 
one accepts the foregoing statement of the case, 
and there is ample evidence in any community of 
size, it will be clear that certain definite opportunities 
should be opened to the boy or girl to make the most 
of native talent and enthusiasm. Encourage the 
young business adventurer or artisan to make the 
most of his chosen hobby (and to choose a hobby 
if he has not one already), to systematize it, develop 
it, make it financially profitable if that is the desire; 



12 GUIDE AND INDEX 

but first, last and all the time to make it a study 
which is intensive enough to satisfy his or her pro- 
ductive ambitions. At this age (up to the high 
school period) the boy or girl may not have been 
able to decide upon a profession or business, but 
he is working tow^ard decision, and he is the only one 
who can choose. Instead of trying to select an 
occupation for him, father and mother would do 
w^ell to put the child at the mercy of his own re- 
sources for amusement, recreation and business, 
merely lending a hand now and then in their full 
development. It will preserve the freshness of 
youth beyond the ordinary time of its absorption 
by a blase attitude toward the world, and lead toward 
a more healthy and critical kind of study than the 
haphazard lonesomeness, or the destructive gang 
spirit of the modern community.* 

Perhaps it would not be amiss to indicate just 
how this unofficial study may be promoted, and to 
name the resources of the parent for the purpose. 
First of all, nine children out of ten will definitely 
choose a hobby or recreation or indicate some pref- 
erence, as photography, animal pets, woodwork, 
electricity, drawing, sport, one or more of the 

* Both boys and girls have clubs, societies and organizations, which are useless, enervating 
or merely harmless when they exist without purpose. If, on the other hand, the aggregate energy 
can be collected into profitable channels, these same gangs or societies are a real source of educa- 
tit^n and training. _ Any organization without consistent, sustained purxxjse is a waste of social 
energy. Baseball is worth while, but the merits of high school fraternities are doubtful. 



GUIDE AND INDEX 13 

domestic arts, collecting coins, stamps, etc.; there 
are as many tastes as children. The child may get 
his suggestion from the school or companions. Any 
legitimate taste should be actively encouraged and 
supplemented by books which really explain and 
by tools and materials with which to use the books. 
If it is a shop he wants, try to give him the use of 
some corner for the specific purpose so that the 
occupation may be dignified according to its juve- 
nile worth. Second, endeavor to emphasize the 
economic and social significance of the work done 
and urge right along some definite aim. If a boy 
wants a shop, or pets, see that they are kept in con- 
dition, attended to, and if possible give some measure 
of tangible return on the outlay of money and energy. 
Third, connect the boy's or girl's chosen avocation 
with real living in every possible manner. Girls 
are rather fond of those decorative arts which con- 
tribute to artistic pleasure, and should they make 
experiments with stenciling, block-printing, and 
the like, have them use them also in embellishing 
their own rooms, the summer camp or club. Fourth, 
make the child feel that a given hobby is not to be 
satisfied for the mere asking. Put some limit on 
the money expenditure until it is clear that the 
interest is genuine and honest, and that the child 



14 GUIDE AND INDEX 

is either producing results which are sincere, or 
acquiring real knowledge. Fifth and last, but per- 
haps most important of all, support the school in 
its effort to solve the problem of formal education, 
because the heavy burden rests there. It is quite 
essential that the home give the boy and girl every 
possible chance to develop along original and specific 
lines at their own pace, to experiment with the 
world's activities in miniature, and establish the 
probable trend of individual effort for the future. 
But this can only supplement and point the way for 
the formal training which the institution (school) 
gives. The school, being democratic and depen- 
dent upon the general public for existence, takes 
its cue therefrom, and creating ideals in consonance 
with public needs perfects the method of reaching 
them. When father and mother believe in a 
vigorous, efficient education, rooted deeply in the 
child's fundamental attitude toward- the world 
and its affairs, then will the public approve and 
urge the proper kind of organized training. Even 
so, the school cannot really educate the child — 
he educates himself through the agents aforemen- 
tioned — it simply organizes information and gives 
the pupil access to methods of using facts and 
ideas. 



GUIDE AND INDEX 15 

In closing this chapter there is one more word to 
be said concerning the main theme. The arts and 
crafts* of expression and construction fulfil that 
precise function in the child's preliminary training 
which they did in the early history of the race. 
They indicate just that degree of manual skill and 
constructive ability of which both the youthful 
individual and the young race are capable; they 
serve as indices and guides to the development of 
design, taste and constructive thinking. As the 
child matures he may elevate a given craft to an 
art or science, but the early familiarity, the simple 
processes, he should have, because they are essential 
to childhood. Hence, the large amount of handwork 
in the kindergarten and primary school; it is the 
necessary complement to academic work and balances 
the educational diet. 

* It will be evident that the term crafts as here used is a more comprehensive term than when 
employed in connection with the arts and crafts furore of the past few years. Any kind of manual 
occupation may be a craft; if it involves a measure of art and science it may become more than 
a craft. But with children the craft stage, which is characteristic, includes many occupations 
which may not even be true crafts as the term is ordinarily used. 



CHAPTER II 

THE CULTIVATION OF TASTE AND DESIGN 

IT WILL be evident to the thinl^ing man or woman 
that art or any phase of it is not to be taught 
successfully as a profession through books. 
The very most that one can expect from reading is 
a knowledge about art matters and acquaintance 
with the conventions and rules which obtain therein. 
But even this slight result may be the precursor of 
a fuller, more intimate familiarity with the prin- 
ciples of good taste and design. 

One may be able to say ^'that is a beautiful room" 
or ''a fine garden" or "a charming gown" and yet 
be unable to produce any such things. How is 
it possible then to know if one cannot do? The 
answer is that, potentially^ every individual who 
really sees and appreciates beauty can produce it 
through some form of artistic expression; the power 
to execute and the power of invention are merely 
undeveloped. And as for the artist or craftsman 
who can make beautiful things, but who cannot 

16 



GUIDE AND INDEX 17 

explain how he does it — he is unique, Hke the mathe- 
matical genius; he just sees the answer; it is a 
gift. Though there are born in every generation a 
few with the divine spark of genius, the mass of 
men and women has always learned by effort. 
In other words, it has been possible to teach the 
subjects which were found necessary to culture 
and education; it is quite possible to present the 
ordinary phases of art to the lay mind in such a 
way, even through books, that one may have worthy 
ideals, and a healthy point of view. The present 
chapter will be devoted to showing how books such 
as these* for boys and girls can contribute to the 
development of taste. 

Frankly, taste has much less to do with fine art 
than with the arrangement and choice of the ordinary 
externals of living. Of course fine art does in the 
last analysis pass judgment upon form, color and 
design in clothes, furnishings and architecture, but 
the common home variety of taste is derived directly 
from custom, comfort, and convention, not from art 
at all. Only in the later stages of refinement does 
the lay mind succumb to direct supervision by art. 
On the other hand, all conventions and ideals are 
Ihe result or sum total of general experience, in 



Library of Work and Play. 



18 GUIDE AND INDEX 

which art has played its part, and has left some 
impress on the individual, giving rise to belief in a 
few principles so common as to be accepted by all. 
Principles of this kind are not always serviceable 
or effective, because they are not stated in precise 
language, and cannot therefore become standard. 
In truth, so far as design is concerned, there are verj" 
few absolute rules for guidance, and a book like 
"'Home Decoration" cannot tell the child or parent 
how to make a beautiful, inspiring home. Its mis- 
sion is to create the desire for fine surroundings, 
to suggest ways and means for studying design, 
especially those phases of decoration associated 
with the crafts, and above all such a book invites 
and helps to maintain a receptive attitude of mind 
toward artistic matters. In the effort to produce 
work of merit, one becomes critical, and seeks 
reasons and precedents for judgment. This is the 
beginning of design study: and the fact that one has 
real interest in taste is indicative of the desire of the 
cultured mind for ideals. If a child is allowed to grow 
up in the ^^I know what I like'' atmosphere, without 
reasonable contact with choice things, and without the 
necessity for selection based upon reason, there is 
small chance that such a child will ever acquire any 
sense of fitness or taste in material surroundings. 




Two Examples of Furniture Grouping for the Porch or 
Outdoors. These Few Pieces Suggest Comfort, Cleanli- 
ness and Moderate Expense 



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The Numerous Photographs in the Upper Illustration Suggest 
Disorder and Dust. They do not Decorate. Sometimes a lack of 
Small, Insignificant Objects like these is the Secret of Successful 
Decoration 



GUIDE AND INDEX 19 

The aims of all practical books for boys and girls 
may be summarized about as follows: 

(a) To absorb the overflow of youthful energy 
and turn it into profitable channels. 

(6) To develop organized thinking and accom- 
plishment, and eliminate wasted, aimless, non-pro- 
ductive action. This is the complement to the 
routine of formal training in academic subjects, 
which are in themselves, normally un-useful. 

(c) To explore the field of accomplishment in 
order to select intelligently a future occupation. 

(d) To develop and foster standards and ideals 
of efficiency, comfort, enjoyment, beauty and social 
worth. This last purpose includes taste and is the 
one of concern here. 

The pecuhar aesthetic standards which interest 
young people are of the most practical kind. They 
apply every day and to everybody. And they are 
fundamental. The illustrations given below will in- 
dicate the common-sense way in which design should 
be approached: 

Color. The tones of the color scale have not yet 
been systematized so well as those of music, but 
each year students of design and artists move a 
little toward agreement. Now, suppose one wishes 
to use two or more tones in a room, hovy may 



20 GUIDE AND INDEX 

harmonious effect be secured? The very word 
''harmony'" means agreement, and suggests similarity, 
likeness, relationship. Therefore the tones one would 
use in the embelHshment of a room should possess 
some common quality for the harmonizing element. 
Each tone having that quality as characteristic 
is similar in that one respect to all other tones hav- 
ing the same quality. Hence they are related in a 
way. The relation may be made strong or weak 
by the manipulation of the bond which holds the 
tones together. For instance: 

Red and green are not related at all. By mixing 
gray with each, red and green become related 
through gray. By mixing yellow, orange or blue, 
etc., with red and green, the relationship may be 
established in the same way. 

Yellow and green have a common quality — 
yelloio, and in so far tend toward harmony. But 
it may not be a pleasing one, and it will be necessary 
to bring them still closer together by introducing 
other bonds, as gray or a color. Yellow is very 
light and green is dark: they will work together 
better if brought nearer together in value. 

It is by such simple means that all color combina- 
tions are brought into line and rendered satisfactory. 
No rule can be given for mixing or choosing the actual 



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An Interesting Curtain which might be 
DupHcated by almost any Girl — If She 
Wanted Curtains 




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Since Flowers are so Beautiful in Them- 
selves, is it not Worth While to Arrange 
Them with J'idgment ? 



3 



GUIDE AND INDEX 21 

colors, but it is a safe rule to select those of a kind 
in some respect. The popular belief in low-toned 
(grayed) color schemes is a sound one, and the prin- 
ciple can be used very comfortably by the amateur 
decorator in furnishing a home. She can have any 
colors she wishes, and make them pleasing, if she 
will unite them by some harmonizing tone. Of 
course, all grays even are not rich and beautiful, 
but they are better than unadulterated color. Mr. 
Irwin in one of his breezy skits quotes the aesthete 
as saying: ^'Good taste should be like the police- 
man at parade; he should permit the assembled 
colors to make an orderly demonstration but not 
to start a riot.'' The moment the unskilled amateur 
tries to use white woodwork, red wallpaper, and 
gilt furniture in combination, he or she courts failure 
simply because the choice lacks the pervading tone 
which would modify the three. There are ways to 
secure harmony even under the most adverse con- 
ditions, but the technical details are not pertinent 
here. 

Another characteristic which stands in the way 
of harmony is emphasis. The moment any one 
tone becomes greatly different from its neighbors in 
value or otherwise, it stands out, attracts attention, 
just as in material objects, unusual, curious shapes 



Qo GUIDE AND INDEX 

and sizes invite notice, often beyond their just dues. 
Hence a brilliant yellow house, a bright green gown, 
large figured wallpaper, are over-emphatic. Clothes, 
which by their color and style are loud in their 
clamor for inspection, are out of key and bear the 
same relation to surroundings which foreign, exotic 
manners and customs bear to domestic conventions. 
And ordinarily one does not seek such prominence. 

This question of taste is a vital one to chil- 
dren, and these books about ''Xeedlecraft,'' ''Home 
Decoration," ''Outdoor Work," "Gardening," etc., 
are indirectly most useful because they put the 
child in a position to choose. The girl who sew^s and 
helps run the home is bound to cross the path of 
design a dozen times a day. She is faced with 
problems of arrangement, color and utility at every 
turn. Her owti clothes, her room, the porch and 
garden, whatever she touches, are inert, lifeless 
things which await artistic treatment. It is when 
the child is faced with the problem of personal 
interest and pleasure that these elementary con- 
ceptions of design may be proposed. 

Form and Line. Each year fashion decrees for 
both men and women certain "correct" styles. At 
slightly longer intervals the shops offer new models 
of furniture, hangings, jewelry, pottery, etc. Have 



GUIDE AND INDEX 23 

these new things been devised to meet a change in 
pubhc taste? Not at all; they are inventions to 
stimulate trade. Most of such productions are 
out of place, incongruous, in company with present 
possessions. One must have a pretty sound sense 
of fitness and selection in order to use them to advan- 
tage or to resist their lure. As single examples, 
many of the new things are beautiful in color and 
line, though they may have nothing whatever in 
common with what one already owns. 

One chooses a given pattern in furniture first, 
because of its utility; second, because of its harmony 
in line and size with other furniture already owned; 
and third, because of its intrinsic beauty. It is 
much less difiicult to furnish a house throughout 
than to refurnish an old room in consonance with 
others already complete. All the household things 
need not be of one kind, though the closer one clings 
to a clear-cut conception of harmony (relationship 
of some kind) the better the result. Hence clothes 
may either beautify or exaggerate personal physique, 
and the garden may attach itself to the house and 
grounds or stand in lonely, painful isolation. Down 
at bottom design aims to assemble elements and 
parts into proper groups, and in the common ques- 
tions of home decorations and dress the student can 



24 GUIDE AND INDEX 

usually work on just that simple basis. It is usually 
the incongruous, over-prominent, conspicuous, or iso- 
lated factor in decoration which causes trouble. 

This fragmentary discussion will perhaps suggest 
some of the benefit which may come from the pursuit 
of crafts and occupations. The illustrations here 
given are in some detail because it is so easy to over- 
look design at home and in common things. Every- 
thing is so familiar there, one is so accustomed to 
the furniture, rugs and their arrangement, that it 
never comes to mind that the situation might be 
improved. It must be remembered that, when 
children begin to apply design to their own handi- 
craft, their fundamental conceptions of beauty 
originate in the home. Either the children must 
lose faith in home taste, or, as they grow and learn, be 
allowed to bring their new-found knowledge back 
into the home and ''try it on." This is where the 
craft does its real work. The true privilege con- 
ferred upon children by the possession of such books 
as these on various special occupations is a chance 
to obtain, first-hand, individual standards of per- 
fection and beauty. Before this they have merely 
accepted the home as it stood, with no thought of 
what was choice or otherwise. 

Since taste and design are merely implied, or 



GUIDE AND INDEX 25 

indirectly included in the several volumes, save 
''Home Decoration/' the latter should be used as 
a supplementary reference in connection with the 
others. As has already been said, it is not possible 
or advisable to systematically teach good taste. It 
will be better and more effective to just include taste 
in the several activities the child undertakes. When 
the girl begins to make things for herseK, help her 
to select materials which are appropriate in every 
way. Have her seek materials for the purpose. 
Have her choose decoration and color rather than 
take the first handy suggestion or copy the plans 
of another. She would do well to experiment in- 
dependently. The girl should create her own room 
down to the last detail, not make everything her- 
self, but plan it, plan its arrangement, its color 
(tone) if possible, and make those small decorative 
articles like pillows, runners, curtains, etc. But 
before beginning such a comprehensive experiment 
in decoration have her look about a bit and note 
the conditions imposed. The light and exposure, 
size of the room, furniture which must be used, 
treatment of hangings — these are all stubborn 
factors, but they respond to gradual treatment. 
Then the room is hers in reality. The boy's attitude 
toward taste is totally different. He cares less than 



26 GUIDE AND INDEX 

the girl for the charm of tone and arrangement; he 
is quite wiUing to despise the niceties of decoration. 
He must approach the question obHquely through 
interest in the eflSciency of a given effort; he appre- 
ciates the utility phase of design most of all. The 
boy will come to see gradually that his pets and 
chickens should be decently housed, and that it is 
good business to do so. He should not be allowed 
to impose upon his own family or their neighbors a 
slovenly yard or garden. He will find that those 
tools work best which are sharp and clean and always 
in place. His final lesson in design grows out of 
association with his mates. When he begins to go 
to parties, to enter the social world in a small way, 
a new body of conventions in taste appear and he 
must be taught to appreciate them if he would be 
well liked. But the real training in design arises 
from manual work — the playthings, toys and 
utensils the boy makes for use. They need not be 
beautiful nor is there excuse for clumsiness in con- 
struction. One cannot expect even the mature 
child to take much interest in design in the abstract, 
but when he meets the subject on a common-sense 
basis, as a part of some personal problem, design — 
even taste in color and form — acquires definite 
standing in his esteem. It has earned the right. 



1 



GUIDE AND INDEX 27 

Hence a liberal contact with youthful amusements 
and occupations encourages both boy and girl to 
build ideals of working, and among these ideals 
taste is bound to appear in some guise — usually 
unbidden. The book on design or decoration is 
but a reference, an inspiration, a stimulant, never 
a text of instruction. The ability to choose, to 
secure appropriate, beautiful, accurate results, is 
largely a by-product of judicious reading combined 
with persistent effort. It remains for the parent 
to skim off this by-product as it appears and infuse 
a little of it into each problem the child presents 
for inspection. 



CHAPTER III 



THE REAL GIRL 



What Is the Ideal Home? 



STRANGE as it may seem, most of the plans 
for industrial training, the majority of school 
courses of study, and probably seventy -five 
per cent, of the books on the crafts and arts have 
been devised for the use of boys. Now there are 
hosts of girls in this world, probably as many girls 
as boys, and these girls are just as keen, intelligent, 
ambitious and curious about things and how to 
make them, as are boys. In very early childhood 
when both boys and girls have the same interests, 
similar books of amusement are used by both. But 
as girls develop the feminine point of view and need 
the stimulus of suggestion and aid in creative work, 
the Uterature for them seems meagre; they have 
somehow been passed by save for a manual now and 
then on cooking or sewing, left as a sop to their 
questioning and eagerness. This state of affairs 

28 




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tc 






^"1 






/3 i) 









a 

o 



GUIDE AND INDEX 29 

is more than unfortunate, it is fundamentally wrong 
for two very good reasons. (1) The girl up to the age 
of twelve or thirteen has practically the same 
interests, pleasures and play instincts as the boy. 
She is perhaps not so keenly alive to the charm of 
mechanical things as the boy, but like all children 
regardless of sex, she seeks to be a producer. She is 
just as much absorbed in pets and growing things, 
in nature, in the current activities of her environ- 
ment, and requires the same easy outlet for her play 
instincts as the boy. (2) The girl, when a woman 
grown, becomes the creator of the home, and too 
often enters upon her domestic career with a mini- 
mum of skill or taste in the great body of household 
arts, which in the aggregate, give us the material 
comforts and homely pleasures. Moreover, since 
she, as a girl, probably did not have the chance to 
satisfy her play desires and consequently never 
learned to do things herself, she is at a loss to under- 
stand the never ceasing, tumultuous demands of her 
own children for the opportunity to experiment. 
To quote Gerald Lee in the ''Lost Art of Reading," 
which is one of the real modern books: ''The experi- 
ence of being robbed of a story we are about to read, 
by the good friend who cannot help telling how it 
comes out, is an occasional experience in the lives of 



30 GUIDE AND INDEX 

older people, but it sums up the main sensation of 
life in the career of a child. The whole existence of 
a boy may be said to be a daily — almost hourly — 
struggle to escape being told things . . . it is 
doubtful if there has ever been a boy as yet worth 
mentioning, who did not wish we would stand a little 
more to one side — let him have it out with things. 
There has never been a live boy who would not 
throw a store-plaything away in two or three hours 
for a comparatively imperfect plaything he had 
made himself. . . .'' 

When one goes deep enough — below the showy 
veneer of present-day living — one comes to agree 
with Mr. Lee. The normal child, especially the boy, 
is potentially a creator, a designer, discoverer, and 
we have committed the everlasting sin of showing 
him short cuts, smoothing away difficulties, saying 
''press here.'' No child can survive the treatment. 

Father and mother have the very simple obligation 
to furnish the place, raw material (books, tools, etc.), 
and encouragement. 

For these reasons, if for no other, the girl ought to 
have a permanent outlet for her native ingenuity 
and constructive skill in such crafts and occupations 
as are adapted to her strength, future responsibilities 
and possible interests. A home should comprise 



GUIDE AND INDEX 31 

other elements than food and clothes, which are 
bare necessities ; and though these may be expanded 
and multiplied, becoming in their preparation real 
art products, they alone are deficient in interest. 
Look over any well-ordered household, note the 
multiplicity of things it contains which are primarily 
woman's possessions, and collecting all one knows 
about them, the amount of real knowledge is sur- 
prisingly small. How much does the embryo house- 
keeper know about textiles, curtains, carpets, hang- 
ings, linens, brass, china, furniture? Where do all 
these charming things come from? Many of the 
hangings, table linen, embroidery, etc., are home 
products. They cannot be bought at all. The 
simple stenciled curtain which one likes so much 
draws attention by virtue of its personal quality. 
To have such things in any abundance the girl must 
create them, and this she is more than willing to do. 
How may one explain the restful atmosphere of 
certain homes visited? How many housewives have 
intelligent insight concerning home management 
and administration; of simple domestic chemistry 
or sanitation? Yet these are vital elements in the 
domestic machine. One never mistakes a proper 
household, orderly, smooth running for the showy 
establishment — gay outside and sad inside. Even 



32 GUIDE AND INDEX 

the most untutored child unconsciously responds 
to the healthy influence of selected material envi- 
ronment and conditions, when these are combined 
harmoniously. There are systematic ways of crea- 
ting pleasant rooms, fine grounds, comfortable places 
for living, places imbued with the spirit of content- 
ment. The people who produce such places are 
seldom the professional decorator, landscape ar- 
chitect, and hired housekeeper. It is the woman 
of the family, who, having practised some of the 
arts, or at least been their disciple, has learned to 
appreciate order and love beauty. Therewith comes 
an almost instinctive knowledge of how to use them 
to advantage. One can never really have beautiful 
baskets, pottery, sewing, gardens, until one has 
made them. One surely cannot appreciate the true 
worth of clean linen, a spotless house, and perfect 
routine anywhere so thoroughly as in one's own house. 
It naturally follows that the girl, like the boy, 
should be a producer, not a mere purchaser, of 
personal or domestic commodities. She may have 
unlimited means, but the place w^here she lives as 
a girl and the home she seeks to create in adult life 
will ahvays be impersonal, detached, liotel-like, un- 
less she personally builds it. She must know the 
structure, composition, and functions of inanimate 



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- T. 



GUIDE AND INDEX 33 

things; this knowledge comes easiest and persists 
longer through use and experience. 

There is a good bit of psychology behind the sug- 
gestions offered, and the reasoning is simple. All 
our ideas, our plans, and conceptions are just ideas 
and nothing more until they have been worked up 
into concrete form — put to test. There is nothing 
tangible about an idea. But living is real; hence 
all the details which comprise living are real too 
and mere thinking about them without action is 
futile. One must execute, arrange, and experiment 
with the raw materials of everyday use. The result 
is either pleasant or otherwise; if otherwise, the 
effort has somehow failed, and one should do it 
again and learn thereby; if pleasant, one is the richer 
and happier for a bit of success, and is warmed by 
the presence of mere accomplishment. 

This last phrase reveals the nub of the whole 
question — accomplishment. Material surroundings 
and comforts of course go far to make one happy, 
and they are the evidence of success, but the 
ideal home is also composed of people each of whom 
is or should be a contributor to the work of the world. 
The ideal home contains no drones, and therefore no 
discontent. Now the girl cannot plunge headfirst 
into the maelstrom of domestic management. She 



84 GUIDE AND INDEX 

must learn her strength and acquire confidence, and 
there are simple occupations for early years, occupa- 
tions which train the muscles, sharpen the vrits; 
occupations which through suggestion gradually lead 
to a wider and wider intellectual horizon, and which, 
by a cumulation of information and experience, 
mature both judgment and taste. These occupations 
form, as it were, some chapters in the unwritten 
grammar of culture and eflBciency whereby the girl 
grows in self-reliance and maturity. 

There are, for instance, a number of crafts which, 
in their dehcacy of technique and the artistic worth 
of the finished product, are splendid occupations 
for girls, and some few of which ever\' girl should 
know. The girl who cannot sew is an object for 
sympathy; it is the t^^)ical feminine craft for the 
reason heretofore named — that one cannot know 
how things should be unless one is familiar with 
the process involved. Gowns are manufactured of 
pieces of cloth cut in proper shape and se\\Ti together 
in some, to the male, occult fashion, and this com- 
plex operation only explains itself even to a woman 
by going through the experience. One has always 
been agcustomed to think that the accomplished 
mistress is also an expert needle-woman or skilled 
worker in textiles of some kind. Products of the 



GUIDE AND INDEX 35 

needle and loom have always been her intimate, 
personal possessions, and the charm of old hangings, 
lace, needlecraft of all kinds, rests in the main on 
this personal quality. Without a doubt the most 
precious belongings of the young girl are her own 
room with its contents of decorations and furnish- 
ing, and the garments which emphasize her inherent 
feminine charm. It is not only a girl's right, but 
her duty, to maintain her place as the embodiment 
of all that is fresh, cleanly and attractive. To this 
end clothes and the various other products of the 
needle contribute not a little; a clean-cut, thorough 
experience in manufacturing things for herself is 
the best assurance of future taste, which will spread 
out and envelop everything she touches. It is 
much the same with clothes and furnishings as with 
other matters, what one makes is one's own, char- 
acteristic, appropriate, adequate, with the touch of 
enjoyment in it; the purchased article is devoid of 
sentiment, it is a makeshift and substitute. 

Then by all means let the girl learn to sew, learn 
to do for herself, to study her own needs and desires, 
to find as she progresses, ways to master the details 
of woman's own craft, and it is hoped, lay up a store 
of just the sort of experience which will enable her 
to supervise the work of others in her behalf when 



36 GUIDE AND INDEX 

the time comes. But sewing, valuable as it is in 
connection with the young girl's problems, is not 
the only craft at hand. In recent years craftworkers 
have revived a number of old methods of using or 
preparing textiles for decorative purposes, and some 
of these have proven increasingly worth while in 
the household. Stenciling, block-printing, dyeing, 
decorative darning, and even weaving itself, since 
they have been remodeled and brought out in simple 
form, offer opportunities to the wideawake girl. The 
results in each case may be very beautiful, and per- 
haps more in harmony with the individual taste 
and scheme of living of the particular girl than any 
materials she could buy, because they may be de- 
signed and executed for a specific place. Few people, 
least of all a child, work just to be busy; there is 
always a motive. With the girl it is a scarf, a belt, 
collar, curtain, or sofa pillow; is it not well worth 
while if she can make these for herself or her room, 
in her chosen design motif, (as rose, bird, tree, etc.) 
and color .?^ It may be an ordinary design, peculiar 
color, but they satisfy a personal sentiment which, 
by the way, can be modified and improved as time 
goes on. One must needs allow children to begin 
with the bizarre, distorted, seemingly unreasonable, 
archaic desires they have and cross-fertihze these 



GUIDE AND INDEX 37 

with better ones in the hope of producing a fine, 
wholesome, sturdy attitude of mind. 

Among the minor crafts which may be a source 
of real pleasure and good taste, two are prominent: 
pottery and basketry. The technique, decorative 
possibilities, and functions of the finished products 
as elements in household economy and ornament 
place these crafts high in the list of those especially 
suitable for girls, though boys and adults do find 
them equally interesting. Pottery is so closely as- 
sociated with flowers and growing things, with the 
decoration of fine rooms, with choice spots of color, 
and with those receptacles and utensils which belong 
to the household, that it makes a strong appeal to the 
feminine mind. Here is a craft which vies with text- 
iles in age and beauty of design, and possesses even 
greater charm of manipulation because it is plastic. 
One can imagine no finer outlet for creative effort. 

Lastly, there is the eternal, magnificent, womanly 
craft — home-making. When one stops to think 
that the home is the one imperishable, absolute 
social unit, the power which creates it must take 
rank with other vital forces of constructive eco- 
nomics. Mothers' clubs and women's organizations 
of divers kinds, or, rather, the individuals who 
comprise such societies, are continually drifting into 



38 GUIDE AND INDEX 

the discussion of the worries, difficulties, and trials 
which attend the household. The instant house- 
hold routine becomes awkward or inadequate it 
affects adversely each individual member of the 
family, and naturally the mistress who is respon- 
sible shoulders a burden. There are times when the 
maid leaves, or the cooking goes wrong, or the house 
is cold, or just a time when one gets started for the 
day badly. There are times when the mnate per- 
versity of humans and material things runs riot. 
One is led to believe that such untoward occasions, 
since they have been in the past, will in all likelihood 
continue to crop up to the end of time, though one 
cannot find any good reason why they should. 
There are homes unacquainted with any household 
rumble or squeak, where the domestic machinery 
is always in order, and flexible enough to care for 
sudden overloading, or absorb any reasonable shock. 
In many such places, devoid of servants and con- 
fined to a modest income, the mistress is ever an 
expert; the chances are that her daughters will be 
equally resourceful. Really, the only sure way to 
bring up an adequate number of fine, competent, 
resourceful wives and home-makers is to train them 
definitely for the profession. The girls must be made 
acquainted with every detail of the business which 



GUIDE AND INDEX 39 

they will surely inherit. The people who would live 
in hotels and frankly abandon home-making them- 
selves merely emphasize the charm of the household, 
because hotels have nothing in common with homes. 

It seems rather strange that a business so old 
as housekeeping does not, and never has, applied 
to its development the laws of commercial enter- 
prise. When the community or corporation state 
sees the need for workmen, foremen or directors, it 
tries to educate individuals for the purpose. The 
supply of competent men and women is not left 
to chance. Whereas, womankind trusts to a very 
fickle fortune, that every girl will somehow learn 
to steer the domestic craft and be conversant with 
methods of preserving family ideals. Contrast the 
far-sighted plans of business to fill its ranks with the 
casual training the average girl undergoes to fit her 
for the future. What is her chance of success .^^ Is 
it reasonable to suppose that one who has never 
made a home, or even helped actively to run one 
made for her, can on demand '^make good?'' It is 
a lasting tribute to the inherent genius and inde- 
fatigable patience of the modern woman that she 
has achieved so much with a minimum of experience. 

Hence, in order to properly equip one's children 
for a practically inevitable future, let the girls into 



40 GUIDE AND INDEX 

the secret of domestic planning; let them know of 
costs and shopping, income and expenditure; of 
materials and uses; the care of possessions, repairs 
and cleaning; try to show them that the menu is 
not a haphazard combination of ingredients and 
foods, but a conscious selection of viands which will 
entice the appetite, furnish proper nutrition and 
accord with the season. By all means emphasize 
the fact that housekeeping, like any business, can be 
systematized so that the hundred and one activities 
may succeed one another in orderly procession through 
the weeks and months. Wash day and housecleaning 
should be absorbed into the domestic program, and 
never present their grisly features to the home- 
coming male, with sufficient trouble of his own. 

Recent issues of the magazines have contained 
much discussion of the household tangle, and most 
of them have ended with the slogans ''industrial 
education," ''back to the kitchen,'' and such. 
Granted that girls need this training, and that schools 
in time will give it; granted that the social position 
of the servant is a source of discussion and friction; 
that the demands of modern living are exacting; 
and, finally, granting the insistent prominence of 
all the other economic disturbances, who is, in the 
last analysis, to blame .^ Would a business man 



GUIDE AND INDEX 41 

think for one moment of handing over any depart- 
ment of his affairs to one not trained for the par- 
ticular duties involved? Industry in every branch 
seeks men and women fitted to take charge of even 
minor matters. And when trained assistants are 
scarce the obvious policy is to prepare other promis- 
ing workers for such special places. On the other 
hand, mothers too often prepare their daughters for 
marriage, not for home-making, seemingly blind to 
the fact that marriage is an inert, barren, static condi- 
tion, save in the stimulating atmosphere of a fine 
home. How can the servant question ever be settled 
by untutored girls who get no closer to the do- 
mestic question than fudge, welsh rarebit and salted 
peanuts? The school can and does now, in all well- 
ordered communities, give a very satisfactory for- 
mal, technical training in domestic art and science.'^ 
There students learn to cook and sew; they learn a 
good deal about food values, dietetics and simple 
food chemistry, simple sanitation, etc. But the 
management of a real house, system and everyday 
routine, that fine sense of adjustment to the con- 
ditions as they exist — these essentials can only be 
learned in the home itself. The efforts of the school can 



*As the High Schools of Springfield, Newton, and Brookline, Mass; Cleveland, Ohio; Los 
Angeles Cal., among others. And the elementary schools of practically every well-organized 

CMri:nunity. 



42 GUIDE AND INDEX 

largely supplement but never replace home guidance, 
experience and responsibility. Keeping house ought to 
be a science and art rather than a game of chance. 

Definite Suggestions 

In the "Library of Work and Play," to which the 
present book is the introductory volume, one will 
find a collection of books replete with suggestion. 
But these are not manuals, or courses to be followed 
from end to end, because children do not profit 
most by such a plan. The child is like a pebble 
dropped into still water. It communicates its energy 
of momentum to the surrounding fluid and makes 
a circular ripple, which in turn makes another and 
wider ripple, until the energy is exhausted. In 
much the same way the child, landed in the midst 
of a more or less inert material world, acts upon it 
with energy, which, however, is never exhausted, pro- 
ducing the results which become more and more 
extended. He begins in the middle of a given sub- 
ject and works in all possible directions, which gives 
one the clue to how to make the most of books like 
these. "^ 

If the girl has not already indicated a decided 
preference for some recreation or play, place at hand 
the books which show the possibilities open to her. 

• "Library of Work and Play." 



GUIDE AND INDEX 43 

It would be well for one to go over them rather 
carefully first in order to know what they contain. 
Let the girl take her leisure in searching the chapters 
and illustrations for the suggestion which strikes a 
responsive chord. Ofttimes it will be quite in order 
to point to chapters which have a bearing on some 
personal need or desire. At any rate, the book or 
chapters which seem to be most significant at the 
time should be followed up. Read over with 
her such a volume as '"Home Decoration'' or 
''Housekeeping.'' Let her discuss the plans offered 
and try them out in her own home. Every girl 
wants and should have a dainty, inspiring, beautiful 
room of her own, and as she grows older she also 
wants the rest of the house to match, so that she 
can entertain her friends with pride and confidence. 
If one will take ''Housekeeping," "Home Decora- 
tion," and "Needlecraft" as texts, and select from 
them first those suggestions which are immediately 
apt in a particular home, the girl will shortly find 
herself looking at home problems from several 
different and very important angles. But it is 
desirable also that the study be taken up first in a 
very simple way, in order to tie it to real living and 
needs. New curtains, pillows for the porch or den, 
stenciled scarf, the decorations and menu for a 



44 GUIDE AND INDEX 

small party, additional linen: these are some of 
the problems always coming up, which may be used 
as a beginning. And once the start is made the girl 
should have the chance to try other experiments 
along the same line. Read with her the chapter 
on menus and marketing, or housecleaning, and 
turn the house over to the daughter for a time 
to manage — absolutely. There is nothing in the 
world which children love more or which develops 
them more quickly than responsibility, and the 
mutual consideration of household aflFairs gives the 
girl real partnership in the domestic business. 
She may use the ''Housekeeping'' book as a kind 
of reference, to be sought when new problems in 
management fall to her share. 

The question of home decoration is so vital that it 
deserves special statement. The text* deals with 
all those details of interior furnishing and embellish- 
ment which indicate taste. All of these are not 
equally important, nor do they interest all girls to 
the same extent, and in using the book one can 
profit most by the study of those topics which touch 
the individual or particular family. But every- 
where there is the problem of furniture arrangement, 
wall decorations, color schemes, and the skilful 



•'Home Decoration.' 



GUIDE AND INDEX 45 

use of flowers, pottery and textiles. Give the young 
people, and especially the girls, an insight into how the 
interior should be treated. Have them look up pert- 
inent questions in the text and then try their 'prentice 
hands at creating a pleasant, restful, homelike house 
with the furnishings at hand plus whatever they can 
make or secure. Really, the book is as much a volume 
of suggestion for the mother, to which she can refer her 
daughter, as a text for the child. There is very keen 
interest in taste in recent years, among young people 
as well as parents, and the elements hitherto lacking 
have been (1) accessible information and (2) oppor- 
tunity to '' try it out.'' Offer that opportunity; a flat 
is just as fruitful a field for experiment as a house, 
perhaps more. 

The active participation in outdoor life, nature- 
study propaganda and the multiplication of popular 
scientific (nature) literature has greatly opened 
another field to children — that of raising pets, 
gardening, etc. Here the boy or girl will readily 
make some choice at an early day, if there has been 
any contact with such things. If not, a volume of 
this kind* will be a real stimulant and inspiration, 
as it should be, not a lesson manual. Place the 



♦•'Outdoor Life. 



46 GUIDE AND INDEX 

book in a child's hands, help him look over the con- 
ditions, available ground, cost, care, etc.; let him 
send for circulars and catalogues, or if possible visit 
some one interested in the same hobby and the 
experiment is under way with irresistible momen- 
tum. It is a godsend to any child to give him a 
simple, direct statement of what can be done; he 
furnishes the steam and imagination for future 
development, and father and mother comprise the 
balance wheel of the business. This volume and 
the one on ''Outdoor Sports'' contain a mass of 
information which touch the interests of practically 
all boys and girls at some time in their first sixteen 
years. \Yhen the child is old enough to launch out 
in any personal undertaking, old enough for even 
minor responsibilities, when he or she expresses the 
desire for possession and money, then give them 
books like these. Let them soak in and digest. 
Encourage only those requests which are convinc- 
ing, but give them all the scope possible. Every 
child will eventually select the pastimes which are 
best for her though she may stumble in doing so; 
she will make fewer mistakes, and waste less time 
if she have access to books which will crystallize 
and guide her ambitions. 




CHAPTER IV 



THAT BOY 



" The prime spur to all industry (effort) was and is to own and use the 
finished product." — Hall. 

ONE day the pedagogue, who was a learned 
man and addicted to study, shut himself 
upf in his library, bent on devising a method 
for training boys into men. This master was well 
versed in the sciences so that he could follow the 
stars in their courses, make the metals and sub- 
stances of the earth obey his will, and guide the 
plants in their growth from seed to blossom. Nor 
was this scholar lacking in sympathy for the arts, 
if they were not too fine, for his desires all led to 
systems and orderly arrangements of matter, and 
those subjects which would not succumb to analysis 
he looked upon coldly. 

Hence in this problem of education he made a 
careful survey of the history and development of 
learning from the beginning — seeking those ideals 

47 



48 GUIDE AND INDEX 

and standards of culture which had been approved 
for the scholar, because scholars have always been 
held in high esteem by those patrons who, being 
ignorant themselves, wanted scholarship nearby. 
It was found in the course of his delving that the 
sciences had originated and developed in about 
this order, mathematics, astronomy, geology, botany, 
biology, etc. The arts of expression had of course 
developed as a group, but chiefly through literature 
from the beginning. There seemed to be a good deal 
of recent interest in machines and engineering, and 
of course certain classes had always tilled the soil, 
because one must have food; but the study of these 
activities could not lead to culture, because culture 
had alw^ays had to do with thinking, not [manual 
labor. Therefore it became clear to the master 
that up to the present time, since the end of all 
scholarly ambition had been a profession (law, 
medicine, theology, etc.), education must be a 
very simple matter. All one had to do was to 
prepare certain capsules of mathematics, grammar, 
Greek and Latin, and a few, very few, odd pellets 
of science, etc., and at stated intervals stimulate 
the boy's mental organism with the various toxins in 
rotation. Were these subjects not the very basis 
of culture, and what would be more logical than 



f 




GUIDE AND INDEX 49 

direct systematic presentation of the fundamental 
principles? If the patient did not respond nothing 
could be done but to use more medicine, more 
lessons; there could be but one line of treatment. 
With this question settled the good savant signified 
his readiness to instruct youth in such branches as 
were desirable for the educated man, and pupils 
came in numbers to obtain the precious learning, 
for the pedagogue was favorably known as a great 
scholar. But these pupils who came, like the 
master, happened to live in or about the year 1912, 
when the chief interests of the people were business, 
science, and engineering; when transportation and 
communication had become highly developed and 
systematized; when farming and agriculture were 
almost arts, the whole welfare of the nation 
rested on industry, and utility held high rank as 
an element in culture among the people who worked. 
Even when a boy of this period did not seek indus- 
trial honors and follow in the footsteps of his father, 
he must needs be interested as a citizen in so im- 
portant a source of prosperity. Hence the children 
who set out to become pupils of the learned teacher 
were alive to the business and activities of their time 
and surroundings, and were more than willing to 
learn when the learning led to a useful end. But 



50 GUIDE AND INDEX 

the scheme proposed by their mentor was such a 
queer scheme. Of course it was better to go to 
school than do nothing and one must study a few 
things, but how much more fascinating and worth 
while to talk about birds and animals, trolley cars, 
the railway, electricity, machines, and doing things 
with a purpose, than to discuss impossible stories 
written by people who evidently knew very, very 
little about young people, to learn unending pages 
of numbers and definitions and facts, which, since 
one had no use for them, were speedily forgotten 
to make room for better material? 

Now these children were obedient and reverent 
toward learning and did the tasks assigned them by 
their master, but in their leisure hours they did a 
good bit of experimenting along other lines, and 
found several other studies which were not in the 
master's scheme much more to their taste. Animals 
and pets were not only nice, live, soft, downy, fuzzy 
things to play with, but they had such queer ways 
and were so useful that one could talk about them 
forever. And then if one raised numbers of them, 
often neighbors would desire to purchase, and behold, 
a business began whereby it was just possible one 
could make a profit now and then. Again, it was 
fine if one had even a few tools so that one could put 




o 



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GUIDE AND INDEX 51 

together the toys and playthings necessary to every- 
day amusement. Of course it was needful to meas- 
ure and calculate and scheme about materials and 
costs, but all this scheming led to real purpose, 
while the questions proposed by the teacher were 
just questions after all and it couldn't make 
much difference whether one found the answer or 
not. 

Now the usual thing happened. Because of their 
reverence for traditional learning and respect for 
its apostle the youths continued to attend upon the 
master and go through the ceremonial form of 
intellectual purification. But really their hearts 
were outside, wrapped up in the work of the world, 
where they had found just the tonics which were good 
for them.'' 

In just so far as the school and home open ways 
which ''enable the student to earn a livelihood and 
to make life worth living" do we see the passing 
of the old type school (suggested above) and ideal 
of training. Not only are there comparatively 
few in this world capable of receiving high polish 
through the so-called culture studies, but the def- 
inition of culture has changed; now any activity 
is cultural which arouses one's best efforts. More- 
over, the boy of the present is on the lookout for a 



52 GUIDE AND INDEX 

new type of instructor, one born of the new era of 
industrial success, a teacher who will unlock the 
mysteries of modern nature, science, engineering 
and business, and who will make it possible for the 
student to find his special abilities or bent at an 
early age. It is no argument at all to say that the 
boy is too young to know what is best for him, that 
the mature mind is the only safe guide. The adult 
teacher and parent becomes a true guide only when 
he uses as a basis for guidance those qualities and 
instincts of childhood which cannot be smothered 
or eradicated. The child, whether boy or girl, 
knows instinctively some of the kinds of information 
which do not agree with him, because they possess 
no significance at the time and he cannot assimilate 
and fatten on them. The child needs a new and 
more nutritious mental diet. Father and mother 
cannot be of great direct assistance because, strange 
to say, they are not experts with children^ they 
merely know a child (their own) passably well, 
but they can provide a most effective, indirect, 
contributory stimulus through outside opportunities 
for healthy play and experiment which will supple- 
ment the formal instruction of the school. And 
children of all ages up to the time they go to college 
need some strong outside interest, or group of them. 




The Kite Fever is an Annual Disease, Common to practically the 
Whole Country. But it is a Disease which Flourishes only anutui; 
Normal Children, chiefly Boys 




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Z. X 




GUIDE AND INDEX 53 

which will serve as a finder to determine the trade, 
profession, or business of the future man. 

The children who enter the school, from what- 
ever grade of society or given race, are all much 
alike — lively little animals that sleep, eat and 
talk continuously, and play, though play and ex- 
pression are one and the same. They do what all 
animals do — keep on the move, acquire muscular 
skill and precision, and endeavor by every possible 
means to express their ideas and convey them 
to others. This expression takes on a constructive 
phase when children play at store, keeping house, 
fire engine, and make toys of paper and cardboard, 
and such amusement is the forerunner of that 
intense mechanical interest which overtakes boys 
about the age of ten or eleven.^ Girls have an 
equally positive leaning which is characteristic and 
will be noted elsewhere. Watch any group of boys 
of average parentage and surroundings and make a 
list of the things they construct for themselves, for 
their own ends. In any such list extending over a 
period of several months will be found, according 
to locality, such things as wagons, sleds, whistles, 
kites, dog houses, pigeon roosts, chicken coops, 

* This bias toward mechanics has already been noted by teachers and parents, but in recent 
years has assumed unusual significance because of the extraordinary' development of industry. 
This, combined with the researches of modern psychology and pedagogy', has introduced a new, 
a powerful motive into teaching. 



54 GUIDE AND INDEX 

boats, guns, etc., etc. The young artisan uses 
whatever raw material he can; he is chiefly con- 
cerned with the plan, and makes the best of con- 
ditions and materials. The things he makes are 
always for real use, a principle held in high esteem 
in all the arts. In making these toys the boy ac- 
quires some exceedingly valuable information and 
a physical skill and perfection which can only be 
secured at an early age. He learns about things, 
about raw material, about tools and utensils common 
to every household; he gets on speaking terms with 
the fundamental laws of mechanics and, more than 
one would imagine, develops a real ingenuity in 
molding material to his immediate needs. The 
construction of a bird house or kite is in itself simple 
enough, but the boy has to spend considerable 
efltort in finding out how to do it, which is beneficial. 
Moreover, this constant struggle to get into tune 
with his physical environment and subdue it 
results in a considerable independence, confidence, 
and resourcefulness, which under moderately favor- 
able conditions will produce a boy alert to the 
world in which he lives and full of the spirit of 
investigation — the critical attitude. Such a boy 
will not lean on others for either learning or pleasure. 
Actually, however, the modern boy has not been 




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GUIDE AND INDEX 55 

encouraged along these lines, nor has he been taken 
very seriously in those activities which affect him 
most; hence his struggle toward any real eflSciency. 
A prominent man once said: 

"When I was fifteen years of age I could break wild horses 
to saddle or harness, and teach kicking cows to stand while 
they were being milked. I could fell trees and drop the tree 
in any direction desired. I knew the relative value of all 
native woods, appreciated the differences in soil, grains, fruits, 
and simple minerals. I could use the draw-shove, adze axe, 
broad axe, cross-cut saw, sickle and cradle. I could make a 
figure-four trap, an axe helve, a neck yoke, axe yoke, whijffletree, 
clevis, and could braid an eight-strand cattle whip. We used 
to mend our harness on rainy days and I could make a wax- 
end and thread it with a bristle, and use a brad-awl. I knew 
how to construct an ash-leach and to make soft-soap, apple 
butter, and pumpkin pies. I knew the process of weaving 
flax and wool, of making and burning brick. I knew on sight 
and had names for a score or more of birds, and had a good 
idea of the habits of squirrels, skunks, wolves, and the fishes 
that swam in the creeks. I knew how to cure hams, shoulders, 
and side-meat: to pickle beef and cover apples with straw and 
earth so that they would keep in safety through the most 
severe winter, and open up in the spring fresh and valuable. 
Of course my knowledge was not of a scientific order, and I 
could not have explained it to another, because I never knew 
I had it." 

How many boys or girls of the present time 
possess anything like this sum of useful knoidcdge — 
useful for the conditions in which they live? There 



56 GUIDE AND INDEX 

was a time when children had to learn in order to 
survive, and now that the necessity is removed and 
children are simply allowed to grow without pur- 
pose, the boy and girl inevitably lose one of the best 
elements in their training unless new opportunities 
are opened. 

It is not difficult to see how the boy's interest in 
construction grows and expands; mere acquaintance 
with boys will furnish the data. At a comparatively 
early stage the youthful experiments are naturally 
sifted to a few specialties, which assume prominence 
either because of the boy's reading or the type of 
locality in which he lives. From time to time his 
interest may shift, investigating one subject after 
another, always seeking the unknown avocation. 
The process will probably lead in time to a more or 
less fitting selection of trade or profession. How 
else is the boy to find himself.? 

After he has passed through the preliminary 
stages of mere play and haphazard amusement the 
boy becomes conscious of the mysterious, unusual 
forces of electricity; they hold even adult attention 
and wonder, but the boy, being more impressionable 
and confident, immediately forages for information, 
reads enormously, and experiments. He takes in 
the whole subject w4th a vim and sureness that is 




^ 



GUIDE AND INDEX 57 

de facto evidence of its intrinsic worth for study 
purposes. And in a much shorter time than adults 
would require, he has mastered the fundamental laws 
and is eager to put this wonderful force to work, 
to make things move. He has the same attitude 
toward steam and gas engines, water motors, and 
studies them with the same intensity of purpose. 
Here are dynamic elements which appeal to the 
human appreciation of "power and which may be 
harnessed, subdued. The idea is comparable to the 
ancient reverence for fire, water and the storm. 
Since modern science has organized engineering 
and mechanical knowledge and simplified it, the 
student can have at his disposal just the books and 
periodicals needed to unlock this storeroom of 
mystery; these publications were written for the 
purpose. But there are several other openings for 
creative eflFort which appeal no less strongly, and 
among which both the boy and girl may choose, 
with complete confidence that there will be ample 
room for initiative, ingenuity, and utilitarian bias. 
Every child loves to go camping, and in common 
with his elders reveals the close connection with 
primitive life in general through the pleasure de- 
rived from the simplicity of camp life. There in the 
woods, where conveniences are few, every device 



58 GUIDE AND INDEX 

and construction counts the utmost, and its purpose 
is apparent. The whole spirit of such hving is more 
in harmony with child nature and longings than the 
modern city home ; it supplies the craving for phys- 
ical freedom and places the boy or girl almost 
entirely on his own resources. What he obtains 
in the way of pleasure comes from his own efforts 
and is correspondingly precious. The boy especially 
finds in camp just as much chance for mechanical 
skill as elsewhere. Temporary furniture, utensils, 
cooking conveniences, the shelter, traps, etc., are 
suggestive. And lastly the unconventional, un tram- 
meled outdoor life stands in that same relation to 
the boy as it did to the savage (because boyhood 
is a primitive stage); he puts forth his strongest 
endeavors to conquer the elements, the climate, 
the earth, and growing things; to provide himself 
with food and shelter — in other words, to survive 
as the savage sought to survive. The idea is truly 
epic. No wonder the child expands and develops 
under the simple responsibilities imposed, and ab- 
sorbs woodcraft with such astonishing ease. The 
recent extraordinary growth of the summer camp 
among boys' schools, and the results suggested in the 
writings of Ernest Thompson Seton, are, with the 
unfolding of industrial education, two pointed ex- 




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GUIDE AND INDEX 59 

amples of the shifting view of education in the home 
as well as school. Probably no outside agency will 
in time become so effective for good as the Boy 
Scouts, whose code is based on a very primitive 
framework suited to boys. During a recent visit 
to California, and while crossing the flat prairies of 
Kansas, the writer saw a company of scouts at work. 
It was borne in upon the observer that there was an 
organization which fitted every locality, every 
climate; it appealed to hoy, not creed, social order, 
time, or adult dogma. 

One should at least mention athletics in this 
connection, because of the excellent physical benefit 
in both activities. Athletics, however, contains an 
element which is all-important — team work. And 
no restraint is so much needed, nor so cheerfully 
heeded for that matter, by the restless boy and girl 
as a community of effort. The elimination of a 
purely selfish personal point of view is very difficult 
to bring about with the best of children, because 
they are wrapped up in their own affairs, and noth- 
ing serves to introduce them to the rights of others 
and the value of concerted action for a common 
good so well as sport. The kind does not matter. 
Any well-conducted, clean enjoyment of this kind 
develops that mental pliability and wilHngness to 



60 GUIDE AND INDEX 

take a part which is a fundamental of citizenship. 
Incidentally leaders arise, and the beginnings of 
organization dawn. It is a great day when the 
boy learns his first code of signals in the ball team ! 
There is one more side (at least) to the boy and 
girl business — earning money. It is nothing short 
of marvelous that this desire for personal income, 
however small, has not been taken seriously. Why 
do children want to earn money? For the best 
reason in the world, independence. Man's entire 
existence from the earliest age down to the twentieth 
century has been one long struggle toward it — 
tow^ard survival. First he had to combat the ele- 
ments and animals, then his fellows, for possession 
of food, lands, water, raw materials, and wives. 
When he found that possession of certain commod- 
ities added to his importance and therefore com- 
fort and safety, and especially to his privilege, he 
sought w^ealth and its freedom. Now the boy and 
girl follow stages in development toward similar 
independence, and among the privileges most de- 
sired is that of money or possessions of value. If 
they earn it, the amount represents so much work 
and gives the coins a fixed worth which cannot be 
established in other fashion. Moreover, this desire 
for income (rather than money) is one charac- 



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GUIDE AND INDEX 61 

teristic of the child between the ages of thirteen 
and jBfteen years. His power of reasoning and 
organization are developing rapidly, and it is the 
time when adult ideals and actions first look 
attractive. The time is ever ripe for launching 
the boy or girl into any avocation which holds their 
fancy, that they may forget their own oblique 
tendencies to laziness, stubbornness, wayward action, 
and selfishness; these are all characteristic of the 
stage. Sex changes too play no inconsiderable part, 
because the boy's companions are for a time all 
masculine. Business of some kind is just what 
he needs, and if that business is profitable, a powerful 
motive is supplied. Perhaps the keenest interest 
is that in nature, and most children at some time 
have desired pets — chickens, rabbits, pigeons, dogs, 
song birds. There is scarcely a town or city condi- 
tion where some animal hobby cannot be pursued 
without disturbing others' peace of mind. But it 
should be looked into seriously as a business, a 
miniature counterpart of other like enterprises. 
The disposal of personal service and products to 
others brings the child in close contact with numbers 
of adults and adult standards and business connec- 
tions. It fosters responsibility and places upon the 
child the burden of proof, to show that he is entitled 



62 GUIDE AND INDEX 

to a place as a valuable member of society. And 
just here it may be well to say, even if the child does 
not need the money he earns, it will be the most 
precious he will ever own, because since it came 
through effort, it will be spent with due caution. 

The vegetable and flower garden may be made to 
yield similar returns and such products are always 
salable. In addition, every house, every yard, 
every farm is in constant need of repairs, changes 
and care which the alert boy or girl can furnish. 
The development of such odd tasks into a business 
parallels the development of every large enterprise 
which began in a modest way. It fosters the best 
of personal and civic ideals, and tames the restless, 
self-conscious energy of youth into smooth and 
profitable channels through which to journey in 
peace to a sane maturity. 

Is it any wonder that education is so ineffective 
at times. 5^ In the light of present-day appreciation 
of physiology and psychology it is increasingly clear 
that education has furnished an impersonal, rather 
stilted system of stufiing along restricted lines for 
a warm-hearted, all-inquisitive, nature-loving hu- 
man animal which automatically refuses to be nour- 
ished thereby, and forages elsewhere. Although 
the child's judgment can by no means be followed 






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GUIDE AND INDEX 63 

concerning what is best for him, his instincts and 
possible future will serve as a most excellent guide. 
His early training must take into account those 
interests which are most keen and lasting and use 
them as the framework for instruction, and all 
subsequent stages of training involve a distinct 
obligation to build upon this elementary foundation, 
with a view to social worth. Most children will 
have to earn a living (the girl usually helps by man- 
aging the home), and this necessity is preeminent. 
But whether rich or otherwise, the ideal of social 
worth remains for all. And the least the home can 
do is to nurse childhood's efforts and experiments 
in play and occupation which lead finally to mature 
judgment and conceptions. 

How to Use Books with Boys 

Boys probably obtain more help from books than 
girls do because they are more self-reliant, more 
assertive and impatient. And as has been indicated, 
more books have been written for boys, but the 
same general method of use is common to both. 
The boy too finds in the book of crafts, mechanics, 
science, or sport a stimulant and incentive. lie 
reads it much as he would a story of adventure. 
No matter what his greatest enjoyments may be, 



64 GUIDE AND INDEX 

the perusal of accounts of others' juvenile activities 
widens the productive horizon in a way not to be 
ignored, and for this reason ''How to Do'' books of 
all kinds are a serious element in the boy's life, at a 
time when he is less concerned with what to do 
than with how to produce something. But there is 
a danger in this catholicity of interest: it may be- 
come dilletantism. The boy may merely potter or 
fuss with one hobby after another, more because he 
cannot supply the need for more and more informa- 
tion, than because he does not care. Hence it is 
worth while from time to time to add more fuel to the 
flame of ambition in a given direction, to provide 
books and tools, a working place or shop, and open 
the way for progress in some stated direction. 

Specifically, books like those on ''Mechanics, 
Indoors and Out," "Electricity," and "Carpentry," 
and parts of "Outdoor Work" may be considered 
as of one type. When he receives the books the 
boy will spend days in absorbing their contents, 
maybe dreaming a bit over the possibilities in view, 
and finally, by a process which will always be un- 
intelligible to the adult, will light upon a problem 
or group of them that meets his wishes, as the 
kite for instance; all he needs from then on is hu- 
man sympathy with the, to him, important under- 




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GUIDE AND INDEX 65 

taking, and he will gallop through all phases of the 
kite construction and devices, aeroplanes, propellers, 
forms of motive power, probably bringing up short 
at the steam or gasoline engine, which opens another 
chapter. The really important item connected with 
the use of such books is to keep the young mechanic 
on one thing at a time. A bit of judicious ques- 
tioning now and then, always aimed at a group of 
related problems upon which he may be engaged, 
will keep his mind working connectedly. His 
efforts will then be cumulative in effect. Visits 
to the aero park, the museums, to the shops and 
technical schools, and to the local power plants are 
other distinct aids which should be invoked to sup- 
plement and emphasize reading and experiment. In 
some of the cities model kite and aeroplane contests 
are held at regular intervals, and these put boys on 
their mettle to succeed. In fact the proper way 
to use books of this kind is to let the hoy use them; let 
him begin in the middle of the book and work out- 
ward or at the end and go backward, but see that 
he has books which present the subject vividly, 
simply. Provide him with the essential tools and 
materials and a place to work. About the surest 
way to make a success with boys Is to let them have 
a room or corner of their own where they can work 



66 GUIDE AND INDEX 

to their hearts' content, where they can store their 
precious belongings, and where companions may come 
and talk over things. Really the book is inadequate 
alone. Unless one provide the opening for action, 
books but aggravate and excite the mind, mockingly 
spur the student on to ''do." Hence with the book 
goes a tacit obligation to provide means and place, 
even the most modest, for putting the book to test. 
There is yet another phase to this use of books, 
and it is one w^hich the boy will usually meet, if the 
texts are adequate. It is this: whatever the young 
student does best will be the result of real desire, 
real personal enthusiasm. It is a fallacy to suppose 
that the boy interested in tools should always put 
up shelves, mend the door, or fix the fence. He will 
execute these tasks cheerfully, but they are not the 
subject of his dreams. On the other hand, if the 
desire be to earn money, to have a small business 
of his own, fences and shelves and plant stands may be 
the most interesting things in the world to him, be- 
cause they are means, not ends. Hence the printed 
book is no teacher or trainer of children, no direct guide 
to future vocation, but is the very essence of inspira- 
tion, the foundation from which the young secures 
nourishment for day dreams and ambitions, out of 
which he patiently weaves the rich fabric of experience. 



CHAPTER V 



A HOUSE AND LOT — ESPECIALLY THE LOT 



THE past decade has witnessed a movement, 
just now taking aggressive shape, which is 
unique — the interest in outdoors, nature 
study, farming, summer homes, sport, and what is 
termed the simple hfe. It is a movement filled 
with the greatest promise of any among the host 
now claiming attention, and bids fair to soothe the 
tired nerves and over-stimulated minds of a franti- 
cally industrial age. Busy men and women, par- 
ticularly the men, who once thought their affairs 
would become hopelessly muddled if they were not 
at the desk each and every day, now indulge in sport, 
farming or gardening, and horticulture. They 
have become convinced of the benefits of fresh air 
and consequent health, and have a calmer, more 
serene outlook on life as a whole. It has become 
''quite proper'' now to live in the ^^ country," even 
though the country is represented by a lot 40 x 100, 

67 



68 GUIDE AND INDEX 

for one may have a garden which produces wonders 
even on such a lot. Indirectly, people get the 
desire to fix up their homesteads, to plant hedges 
and vines, to have window boxes and put on a kind 
of apologetic style which develops into conscious 
pride ultimately. One cannot play with such an 
avocation long w^ithout learning a bit more about 
nature in general, and without any conscious res- 
olution drifts into keeping chickens or pets as a 
kind of pleasurable refuge from mundane things. 
All this activity is much more than a fad; it points 
to a recurrence of the primitive instinct to always 
bridge the ever-widening gaps betw^een nature and 
the human, who is merely an extra-developed animal 
himself. Children always possess in a marked 
degree a love for outdoors, for animal life, for grow- 
ing things, and fight hard during the early years 
to satisfy the desire. When they cannot achieve 
results at home, the surplus energy is worked off 
by harrowing the neighbors. Steam will do a great 
deal of work when under control, but if one allows 
steam to accumulate it must get off sooner or later, 
and children are under steam always. 

The adult, when he becomes a city dweller, takes 
his nature study in stiff two-w^eeks' doses, fishing or 
shooting, plus all the modern gastronomic tidbits 




3 



This and Other lUustrations of Homes in This Chapter, Show such Places as 
People Make when they Care about Appearances 



4: 



GUIDE AND INDEX 6d 

he can carry, and accumulates a fine crop of scientific 
fables and sunburn. This is not real rest, not even 
the best acquaintance with nature; rather it is a 
sort of primitive spree, inherited in garbled form 
from tradition as a seasonal necessity. The truly 
fine side to the nature movement lies in its influence 
on everyday living through a sound regard for 
what nature can do at her best, and the resultant 
modification of taste in general. It is a question- 
able satisfaction to make a whirlwind campaign 
into nature's midst for a few short weeks, 
comfortably supported by the consciousness of 
urban conveniences in the end, when there is the 
possibility of bringing nature to our very doors, 
almost to the hearthstone. Nature is complacent 
and excellent company when offered a suitable wel- 
come. 

The ideal home is ideal throughout — outside as 
well as in. There is no vital difference between 
the kind of pride which demands clean linen and 
that which craves beautiful lawns (to be used how- 
ever), beautiful flowers (also to be enjoyed), trees 
and porches for shade and rest. The kind of nature 
too which really rests and enthuses one is the kind 
which may be enjoyed for twelve months in the 
year; in other words, gardens, grounds, and trees 



70 GUIDE AND INDEX 

which belong to the climate, to the locality, and, 
being hardy, commend themselves at all seasons. 

But nature is no designer. The landscape gardener 
and the amateur must, by their united eflForts, brmg 
an artistic plan to bear upon nature's oflFerings, 
using her trees and flowers and the contour of the 
ground, and create an environment which pleases. 
The result should not only be fine of itself, but 
should furnish a proper and rich background for 
the house which is the centre. There are in existence 
numerous periodicals devoted to country hving, 
farming, gardening, animals, sports, and the special 
suburban problem, and also a verj^ distinguished 
library" dealing with similar types. These have a 
surprisingly wide circulation, probably because they 
are as a class guiding the public taste in such matters 
instead of following it. This literature has in a few 
short years uncovered a new public interest in 
matters alhed to nature, notably in home architecture 
and surroundings, and there is distinct evidence at 
the present time of improvement in architectural 
style. Domestic buildings are more appropriate 
in material and design than ever before, and are 
such as seem to be in tune with the somewhat in- 
formal suburban or village surroundings. Formerly 
architectural style was imported from abroad, and 




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GUIDE AND INDEX 71 

with it came a certain few odd fragments of land- 
scape gardening, full of patterns, floral arabesques 
and geometric arrangements, imitation Renaissance, 
urns and alert iron dogs to guard the dooryard. 
One can still find houses with ugly mansard roofs, 
stiff, forbidding doorways, and gloomy windows, 
the whole perched high on a hill, or at least elevated 
above the street, suggesting in every feature the 
barrenness of the artificial. It is art at its worst. 
The effort Was further emphasized by the con- 
sistent designers through formal, wax-like landscape 
accessories, tender budding plants, cast-iron benches 
and garden ornaments, which must surely be blood 
kin to the modern steam radiator and art cook 
stove. There was nothing human about such a place: 
it always suggested the hereafter. But the new, 
healthy, public interests in outdoors, in a joyous 
life, have banished those artificial shells and sub- 
stituted a type of dwelling which is planned for 
living. And the outside aspect of the house gives 
one the impression that it belongs to that particular 
spot, for those people for home purposes. Of course 
all houses are not so successful, but one finds a good 
many nowadays. It was bound to come, because 
when people began to study nature, to live closer 
to their flowers and animals, to want green lawns 



72 GUIDE AND INDEX 

and pleasant hills, they soon sought a type of shelter 
which would nestle close to the ground and look 
hospitable and inviting. Architecture and gardening 
are more closely related than one would first imagine, 
and it is questionable whether one can deal success- 
fully with one and ignore the other. 

In previous chapters the discussion of children 
and their training has touched lightly upon certain 
points which may well be elaborated a bit here. 
Most of the child's waking hours would virtually 
be spent out of doors; no house is large enough. 
And it was urged that these intense outside activi- 
ties would be excellent foci for most profitable study. 
No yard, however restricted, is^too small to accom- 
modate some hobby which will absorb the child's 
energy and aid in generating constructive skill and 
judgment. The matter of pocket money is also 
very important and becomes a powerful motive 
when properly used. But there is another and more 
mature point of view concerning the home as a 
whole, which should not be discarded. Every child 
should learn to so respect and value his own personal 
property and affairs that he will respect those of others ^ 
neighbors for instance. He will not do this unless 
his own efforts and experiments are taken seriously, 
or unless his home grounds and living are main- 




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GUIDE AND INDEX 73 

tained at top condition, or unless he grows to ap- 
preciate a beautiful physical environment. The 
lawn, the garden, poultry house and stable ought 
to be in perfect trim all the time. It is better taste 
to have them so, and it is good business. One 
cannot succeed with raising pets or animals in un- 
sanitary quarters, or inadequate shelter. It will 
not be difficult to develop proper ideas of taste and 
charm in the grounds about the house if one begins 
with the boy's and girFs own business and steers 
that to a decent working basis. Ragged grounds, 
unkempt lawns, weeds, littered porches and hopeless, 
tired-looking flowers — all persistent manifestations 
of neglect — leave on the youthful mind ineradicable 
impressions which undermine good taste. 

Most boys and girls dislike any kind of work 
which is mere drudgery, and most children in 
these days shy at work for ends other than their 
own, because they have found that they can have 
privileges and amusements without responsibility or 
other return to their parents. The solution lies 
in the restoration to the boy of a feeling of personal 
responsibility and pride, restoring to him and his 
sister the rights of ownership to things and privi- 
leges earned, and make the children something other 
than social puppets. Make their youthful occupa- 



74. GUIDE AND INDEX 

tions count. Among those occupations one finds a 
number which are equally fascinating to both chil- 
dren and adults. 

Probably no accessory to the home is more to be 
valued than the garden, especially the flower garden. 
It adds so much of color and variety to the whole 
scheme, and helps to bring the house into intimate 
relation with the grounds. The finest gardening has 
probably been due to feminine influence, and every 
girl can draw from practical experience with grow- 
ing things a delicacy of taste and wealth of knowl- 
edge to apply to ends peculiarly her own. The 
latent intuitive feminine outlook often remains un- 
developed in these days, and no craft will preserve 
and stimulate it more than gardening. There is a 
reaction just now against the formal flower beds of 
tender plants, a patch of exotic color dotting other- 
wise irreproachable lawns, though the florist would 
like to keep such arrangements in fashion, for he is 
seldom a true artist. But better standards of Hving, 
a fresher study of nature, a more personal, intimate 
architecture, have brought into them many of the 
old garden ideals where the garden belonged to the 
mistress of the nouse and showed it. The garden 
has a most significant history. It has always been 
a centre of family life, and among the Romans was 



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GUIDE AND INDEX 75 

in fact the element about which the household re- 
volved. Here the family rested and visited, worked 
and played. The dwelling was built around it, with 
living rooms which opened on its walks and foun- 
tains, bringing the family together in the most in- 
timate way. The early Dutch and English colonists 
brought to America a similar taste for this soothing 
adjunct to the home and early put into effect such 
garden plans as their limited resources permitted. 
And always it has been the women-folk of the com- 
munity who have kept the garden alive with per- 
sistent belief in its harmonizing influence on the 
family. Not infrequently the children learned their 
first lessons in business, in ownership and in re- 
sponsibility, there. Gardening is one of the oldest 
and simplest of crafts and may not be overlooked 
in seeking a pathway for youthful energy. 

Perhaps the boy or girl would rather grow fruits 
or berries, vegetables, raise pigeons, keep bees — 
one and all are equally good. This is the essential 
fact: every boy and girl should come into direct and 
positive contact with some of the important natural 
phenomena and life. Growing things have to be 
cared for, they must have food, water and protec- 
tion. One cannot play with them when one feels 
like it; they need attention every day. The obli- 



76 GUIDE AND INDEX 

gation is a pleasant one, but nevertheless it is an 
obligation and gives a much needed lesson in a 
way that sticks. 

Any occupation around the home, if it be one 
which ministers either to the pleasure, comfort or 
profit of individual members, is quite likely to knit 
that family into a more compact group. It keeps 
the children more at home. The interchange of 
service and advice which brings into relief the 
interdependence of the individuals stimulates this 
one of the important characteristics of domestic 
society. There has been an indication in recent 
years to lay upon the schools the entire training for 
manhood and womanhood. It is expected to teach 
manners and ethics, to give the proper kind of 
academic information, to formulate character, to 
even teach "nature." It is impossible to do this. 
The finest character, habits of study, executive 
ability, and the social attitude must be started and 
nursed to strength, if not to maturity, at home. 
Five hours each day under incomplete authority 
can accomplish little else than formal instruction. 
Even the beginnings of technical and scientific 
training have their roots deep in these childish 
hobbies which originate and flourish at home, 
where a deep obligation rests upon parents to make 




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Two More Illustrations which w ill Suggest Plans for the Future 



GUIDE AND INDEX 77 

the most of this early time. It is a lead the school 
can follow, but never originate. The school rep- 
resents the average educational ideal of a given 
community, and when schools are inefficient, lan- 
guish and give indifferent service, it is an excellent 
index of the local culture standard. Therefore, 
when parents develop to their highest pitch the 
enthusiasms and abilities of childhood, when they 
foster family life and enrich it so that every member, 
particularly the younger ones, become active par- 
ticipants, and feel that they too have work to con- 
tribute to the general weKare, then and then only 
will the school by force of pubHc sentiment revise 
its own standards. 

For reasons such as these every home should 
be a kind of unofficial training school, in which the 
courses are mostly elective. Some outdoor hobbies 
which the children will enjoy should be maintained, 
and, on however small a scale, the house and grounds 
should be planned with this in view. The city 
boy and girl will have somewhat limited choice, but 
even there one can enjoy several hobbies, even in a 
flat. One can at least grow things, for there are 
few corners, even in a city, so dark that some plants 
will not flourish. 



CHAPTER VI 

VACATIONS, ATHLETICS, SCOUTING, CAMPING, 
PHOTOGRAPHY 

THE boy of to-day is at a real disadvantage in 
Lis struggle for health and happiness. He 
is always a primitive at heart, surging in 
the direction of direct physical expression, showing 
almost on the surface the simplicity of savage in- 
stincts, to live close to the earth, be outdoors, per- 
form feats of strength and skill, hunt, fish, camp 
and play at doing the essential acts of life. Through 
succeeding generations society has perfected a 
veneer of convention which glosses over the crud- 
ities of childish abandon, and as they (children) 
grow, the polish becomes thicker and more lasting, 
even so as to make the individual a "ready-to-wear'' 
being. But at intervals, even in adults, one finds 
the periodic plunge into camp and field. That 
vacations do not always supply the benefit which 
doctors would, but cannot, is rather the fault of 
brevity than of the outings themselves. Boys can, 

78 



I 




^x^ 




Every Child, and especially the Boy, Needs Aetive Outdoor Exercise. 
This kind has much to recommend it 





Organized Play (Woodcrai't; uruJer Kriiest Thompson .^cton 



GUIDE AND INDEX 79 

as a rule, enjoy vacations without responsibilities, 
they can have ample scope for the close acquaint- 
anceship with the simplicities of outdoor living. 
One of the first true signs of summer is the tents and 
crude shelters in backyards of our suburban villages. 
It is the nearest approach to a normal, sane existence 
the child can make. No proper child omits to play 
''Indian" or ''hunter" in his early years, and no 
youth ever quite outgrows the keen pleasure of 
sleeping in the open, companioned by the sighing 
of the night. One recent experience of the writer, 
camping among the giant redwoods of California, 
where one could before going to sleep have a last 
look at the stars framed by the wondrous trees, and 
drift to unconsciousness to water music in the gorge 
way down below, was a time never to be forgotten. 
It is such experiences as these in the open which 
both keep and restore one's mental balance; they 
breed cheerfulness and optimism, develop friend- 
ships. And the boy is not so very particular about 
the place, provided there is water and woods, some 
companions, and things to do. He loves to swim 
and should learn. He wants to be of some account 
and have a part in the camp, learn how to make 
camp, protect things, prepare for weather, engineer 
the routine of camp life. Probably no institution 



80 GUIDE AND INDEX 

outside formal educational institutions is likely 
to have more vital influence on boys of the future 
than the Boy Scouts, already mentioned, a marvelous 
scheme to organize this play spirit. It takes hold of 
the most primitive instincts in child life, develops 
them to the highest pitch of eflSciency, and turns 
the enormous energy generated thereby into useful 
channels by the simplest of devices — service. But 
be it noted, service for which the need is perfectly 
plain. The boy gets the finest of physical training 
imaginable and readily cultivates moral virtues which 
have been the despair of teachers and parents. 

In general, the vacation cannot be more profitably 
spent elsewhere than outdoors. If a boy cannot 
actually go into the woods, away from home and 
the restrictions which modern living must of necessity 
impose, then the next best thing is pastime or amuse- 
ment which requires outdoors for a setting. There is 
much to be said for each and every one of the sports 
common at the present time, baseball, tennis, foot- 
ball, goK, boating, riding — they are all good — and 
every healthy child will take part in one or more. 
Now a book about sport can never teach a boy or girl 
how to become skilful; it cannot explain the mystery 
of the golf stroke or pitched curve, but it can and does 
awaken the spirit of trial and test. It suggests that 




More Woodcraft. Has the Boy had a Chance at this kind of 

Experience ? 




Even the Technical Processes of Photography have been Reduced to 

Popular Terms 




In These Days Photography has become so Simplified that every Child 
can Use a Camera to Advantage 



GUIDE AND INDEX 81 

there is possibly a right way to do things; to play 
even, if one would succeed. The book may tell 
of the necessity for team work and organization, for 
system and regular living, and observance of rules 
made by others. In other words, the book acts 
through suggestion, very seldom directly; and for 
the same reason that one gives children books on 
mechanics, sewing, pets and gardening, that they 
may learn of the dignity and worth of these occu- 
pations, so also does one recommend books of sport 
and games, which surely are the more valuable when 
taken in all seriousness. It is through their games, 
involving dependence upon the confidence in others, 
that children acquire the best traits of character. 

Aside from the inherent return in physical well- 
being derived from amusement in the open air — 
one can use this kind of medicine twelve months in 
the year — such pastime possesses a second quality 
of no mean importance; it brings one, ofttimes un- 
consciously, into communication or hailing distance 
at least of that nature which is so charming. It is 
easy to see the beauties of birds and flowers and 
skies, in camp; and the dynamic loveliness of crisp 
fall weather, even in a great city, is evidenced out 
of doors by the animation of passersby. But one 
cannot read about the beauties of beneficent nature; 



82 GUIDE AND INDEX 

one must enjoy them personally, and is led on to do 
so through those pastimes which take place in the 
open. Several of these have been mentioned, and 
there is one other: photography. 

Photography has almost ceased to be a science; it 
is a habit. One goes to the store, invests in a com- 
fortably small parcel and a book of instructions which 
says ''press here,'' and that is about all. The fine 
succeeding details are minor matters. Whether one 
merely "presses the button'' or goes the whole road 
and really makes the picture, photography has come 
to.be a regular accessory to sport and enjoyment. 
No doubt it is evidence of human vanity, but it takes 
so mild a form and is the source of so much pleasure 
that the world needs it, to preserve the thousand and 
one scenes and incidents which comprise the back- 
ground of life. 




INDEX 



SY:\rB0L5 USED 

* — Illustr^^ted 
A — Outdoor Work 
B — Mechaxics, Indoors and Out 
C — C-U^PEXTRT axd Woodwork 
D — Home Decor-\tion 
E — Electricity 
G — Gardextn'o 
H — Housekeeping 
K — Outdoor Sports 
M — Worken'g in Metals 
X — Xeedlecbaft 



84 



INDEX ,^«^ 

PAGE 

Accounts 

balancing H 90-91, 99 

charge accounts H 98 

check book method H 97 

credits, recording H 96 

dairy accounts A 242 

debit and credit H 90 

department method of keeping H 92-94 

housekeeping H 87-100 

How to keep household accounts, by C. W. Haskins, recom- 
mended H 99 

personal expense account, specimen H 92 

poultry raisings A 168, 172 

See also Allowances; Income 

Acorns, care of seed for planting A 48 

Aeronautics. <See Aea-oplanes; Balloons; Flying machines; Kites 

Aeroplanes B 158-185* C 67-83* 

balance problem B 169 

biplane 

making toy model C 68-74* 

principle of construction B 173-175* 

Bleriot monoplane B 171-173* 

engines, types used B 173 

construction principles in general B 170-171 

controlling direction of B 168-169 

gyroscope principle applied B 169 

making models . B 180-184*, C 67-83* 

management not difficult B 177 

Maxim's aero-curve B 166-167* 

monoplane 

making a model B 180-184, C 75-83* 

principle of construction B 171-173*, 175-177 

motive power for toy model . . . . B 182-183, C 72, 81-83 
planes 

aspect ratio B 167, 170 

shape of B 164-168 

propeller blades 

making for a model B 182, C 70-72* 

position on machine B 169-170 

Santos Dumont monoplane B 175-177* 

testing a model B 183 

triplane B 180 

Voisin biplane B 173-175* 

85 



86 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Aeroplanes — Continued 

why aeroplanes fly B 163-168. 195-197 

wind velocity table B 198 

wireless telegraph control a possibility B 169 

See also Balloons; Flying machines; Kites 
Ageratum, planting G 84 

sowing and blossoming time G161 

Agricultural clubs 

book about A 519 

organizing A 452-454 

Agricultural pests. See Insect pests 

Agriculture. See Dairying; Domestic Animals; Drainage; Fertilizers 
and Manures; Flower gardening; Forestry; Fruit gardening; Irri- 
gation; Soils; Trees; Vegetable gardening; Vegetables 

Alaska sable, skunk skin A 484 

Alcohol as a cleaning agent H 124, 135, 359 

Airships. See Aeroplanes; Balloons 

Alarm clocks, electric E 302 

Alfred, King 

story of the burned cakes . H 16 

Algae. See Seaweed 

Alligator wrench, making M 276 

AUow^ances 

how to manage H 80 

Alloys 

definition of M 208 

Almonds 

food value H 255 

Alternating currents. See Electric currents 
Althea (Rose of Sharon) 

characteristics G 356 

Aluminum 

extraction from clay E 263 

utensils 

advantages H 202 

care of H 206 

Ammeter E 25-34* 

construction E 25-29 

how it measures electricity E 29-30, 32-33 

shunt, use of E 32-33 

Ampere, Andre Marie 

Ampere's rule E 30- 32 

Amusements. See Games; Sports 
Andirons . 

forging M 363-370* 

how to use H 225 

Andrew, Saint 

story of the loaves and fishes H 32 

Anemometer 

making C 162-165* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 87 

PAGE 

Anemone 

Japanese, characteristics G 333, 365 

wood anemone G 343 

Angora goat A 109-110 

book about A 517 

Animals 

feeding motherless animals A 268 

tamed versus domesticated K 177 

training A 248-270 

fear versus kindness A 256-257 

wild animals . A 259-263 

See also Domestic animals; Pets; also names of animals, e. g.. 
Birds, Newts, Toads, etc. 

Annealing 

copper bowl M 21 

definition of M 208 

steel M 307-309 

tools for M 11-12* 

Annuals (Plants) 

blooming after frost G 330 

climbing G 331 

definition of G 160 

for cut flowers: table G 329 

for heavy soils: table G 329 

for rocky places: table G 332 

for sandy soils: table G 328 

for shady places: table G 331 

for sunny places: table G 332 

fragrant: table G 330 

self sowing G 331 

value of G 316, 359 

what to plant G 322 

Annunciators, Electric E 68-71* 

Antique furniture. See Furniture 

Ants 

development from the egg A 393-395 

garden pest G 283 

habits K 147 

household pests H 361 

Anvil 

metal workers' tool M 10* 

Apartment houses . 

heating by electricity E 125 

how to have a play house in H8 

Apiculture. See Bees 

Apple 

distance to plant trees G 258 

food value H 255 

saving seeds from cider making A 50 

surplus used for cider vinegar A413 

wood for canes A 59 



88 GUIDE AND EsDEX 

PAGE 

Applique 

embroidery N 198-20i 

hoaiton lace X 237 

leather X 83, 85* 

overlaid work X 200 

underlaid X' 201 

Apricots, dried 

food value H 2o5 

April 

birds K 175 

blooming plants G 364 

Aprons, malang X 26-30 

bands and strings . . X' 28-30 

gathering X' 26-28* 

sewing apron and work bag combined X 31-33* 

Aquarium 

care of sick fish K 166 

cost of ready-made boxes and globes K 163 

feeding fish K 166 

making a water-tight box K 160-162 

stocking a self-sustaining aquarium K 164-166 

what to keep in K 161 

See also Gold fish 

Arago, Francois Jean 

wave theory of Ught E 345 

Arbor %'itse 

characteristics C 54£ 

Arbors. See Pergola 

Arbutus 

gathering and conser\ing A 93 

Arc lamp. See Electric lamp — Arc 

Archerj- 

practice of K 329-331 

Architecture 

adapting the plan to the purpose D 6, 13 

American city versus country homes D 30.5-367 

bungalow, plan and elevation C 465* 

dining-room plan D 9 

floor plan D 8* 

hall plan D 9 

kitchen plan D 10 

li\-ing-room plan D 9 

A model house D 3-33 

pantrj' plan D 12 

plan in relation to decorations and furnishings . . . . D 12-13 

principles of design D 4-5, 13-16 

wall areas, considering D 12 

See also Building; Carpentry; Cottages; Foundations; Pergola 

Archimedian screw B 143-145*, 344* 

Armatures 

ammeter armature E 29 



GUIDE AND INDEX 89 

PAGE 

Armatures — Continued 

dynamo armature E 9, 11-13 

Arrowhead (Plant) . 

characteristics G 366 

Art 

copyrighting works of art B 426 

Arthur, King 

The King's Kitchen: story H 20 

Artichoke 

indoor planting time G 233 

Arts and Crafts. See Basket making; Bead work; Block printing; 
Brass work; Copper work; Embroidery; Lace making; Leather 
work; Metal work; Iron work; Silver work; Stenciling 

Arum (Plant) 

characteristics G 366 

Ash 

characteristics C 564 

strength of wood C 496 

Ash tray 

copper work M 85* 

Ashes 

fertilizing value A 433 

Asparagus 

insect pests . G 287 

Aspidistra 

indoor plant G 196 

Assisi, Saint Francis of H 25 

Association foot ball K 331 

Aster 

characteristics of New England aster G 365 

half hardy plant G 317 

sowing and blossoming time G161 

starting G 137 

Athletics 

all around athletic championship K 328-329 

best college record K 336 

Olympic games, events K 372 

rowing record K 383 

training rules K 11-12 

value of K 5-6 

Atlantic cable 

laying E 65-66 

Atmospheric pressure. See Barometer 

Attic playhouse H 5 

Atwater, W. O. ... 

Principles of nutrition; quotation H 251 

Auger 

bit . C 194* 

screw principle B 156 

August 

blooming plants G 365 



90 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Australian boomerang B 232-234* 

Automobiles 

gasolene consumed per mile B 401 

making frame for one and two cylinder motors ... B 39G-401* 
making toy automobile C 62-66* 

Aviation. See Aeroplanes 

Axe 

selecting K 96-97 

Azalea 

indoor plant G 197 

B 

Babylon 

proposed irrigation works B 247 

Baby's breath (Plant) 

characteristics G 329, 365 

Bachelor's buttons. See Cornflower 

Backing enamel 

definition M 208 

Bacon 

cuts H 270 

food value H 250,253 

for basting meat H 357 

Bacteria in soils G 222 

Baden-Powell, Sir Robert 

Organizer of the Boy scouts K 20 

Badminton (Game) K 332 

Bags 

braiding N 295-296* 

raffia hand bag N 272-273* 

stenciled N 81* 

Bait 

fish bait . K 130-136 

See also Trapping 

Baked beans 

food value H 257 

Baking 

cake . H 303 

principles and process H 283-284 

thickness of food H 276 

Baking powder 

composition and use H 301 

how to retain strength of E 267 

Ball 

one old cat K 375 

See also Base ball; Basket ball; Call ball; Cricket; Foot ball; 
Hand ball; Hand polo; Hat ball; Hockey; Japanese fan ball; 
LaCrosse; Polo; Push ball; Racquets; Roley Boley; Skittles; 
Squash; Tennis; Tether ball; Volley ball 

Ball bearings 

principle of B 28 



GUIDE AND INDEX 91 

PAGE 

Balloon vine 

characteristics . . * G 331 

Balloons 

history B 161-162 

making paper balloons B 369-373* 

Balsam 

characteristics G 332, C 539 

gathering . . -^ • .- • • • • • A 65 

sowing and blossoming time G161 

Baltimore belle, story of N 74-76 

Baltimore oriole 

as insect destroyer A 457 

Bananas 

food value H 255 

Band saws. See Saws 

Bandy (Game) K 332 

Bantams 

breeding and care A 217-218 

game bantams A 217 

Bar, Horizontal 

making a pull up bar C 270* 

Bar pins 

silver metal work M 171-174* 

Barberry 

characteristics . . . . G 355 

picking A 16-17 

jelly, receipt A 17, 18 

Barometer 

complex, how to make B 258-261* 

construction of B 231-232* 

inventors of B 256 

purpose of B 261 

simple, how to make B 256-257 

theory of B 256 

water barometer, how to make B 257-258* 

Base ball K 244-266*, 332-334 

art of playing K 262-263 

balls, standard K 262 

base hit K 333 

bases . K 333 

bats K 262 

batsmen 

left-handed K 259 

qualifications K 260 

training K 250 

batting K 260 

captain's duties K 249-250 

catcher K 254-255 

diamond K 333 

laying out K 260-262* 



02 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Base ball — Continued 

doubtful balls, pro\iding for K 258 

"fan" K 266 

first baseman K 255 

gate receipts K 264 

ground rides K 265 

home run K 333 

innings K 334 

choice of, by contesting team K 264 

manager's duties K 249 

methods, old and modern K 247-248 

national game of America K 244 

nine . K 245, 332 

opponent's methods, learning K 259 

outfielder K 257-259 

pitcher and pitchmg K 246*, 247*, 251-254 

positions K 245, 333 

scores K 264, 333-334 

second baseman K 256 

shoes K 264 

short-stop K 256 

signals K 248 

team, how to organize K 249 

third base K 257 

training rules K 250 

two-bagger K 334 

umpire K 245 

uniforms K 263 

\'isiting teams, expenses K 264 

what makes a game K 264 

Basket ball rules K 334 

Basket making 

materials for N 242-243 

porcupine quills for A 69 

raffia work N 250-252, 255-261* 

rattan basketry N 243-248* 

reed flower baskets G 61-64* 

sweet grass baskets A 64 

Bass 

bait for K 135 

Basse-taille 

definition M 208 

Basswood 

characteristics C 560 

Basting meat H 283, 357 

Basting stitches N 6* 

Bath tubs 

cleaning H 155 

sanitation H 217 

Bathroom 

care and cleaning H 155-156 



GUIDE AND INDEX 93 

PAGE 

Baths ^ ^ _' 

electric shower baths in a summer camp ^ "B 9^4i^-Ml 

summer camp device E 160-162 

Bats 

usefulness of K 149 

Batteries, Electric. See Electric batteries 

Bayberry 

description of bush A 19 

dips, making A 20-21 

leaves for sachet A 65 

Baywood 

staining mahogany C 489, D 230 

Bead work N 278-294* 

chains N 279-285* 

curtains N 292 

cushion covers N 290-293 

daisy chains N 279-282* 

loom, home-made N 282-284* 

portieres N 290-293 

purse N 285-290* 

stringing the beads N 278 

Beam action C 496 

Beams, wooden 

strength of materials B 45 

Bean bag 

rules of game K 336 

Beans 

bush beans, varieties G 297 

experiments in growing G 119-122 

food value H 250, 254, 255 

insect pests G 288 

planting seeds . 

depth and distance G 42 

distance of drills apart . G 297 

eye dowTiward G 117 

quantity to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 

pole beans 

ornamental value G 296 

varieties G 297 

seeds 

age for planting G 34 

germination per cent G 33, 233 

germination time G 32 

soil G 119, 296 

See also Lima beans; String beans 

Bearings 

anti-friction B 326"* 

Beck-iron . 

definition of M 208 

Bedbugs H 863-364^ 



94 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Bedell, Frederick 

discovery that the same wire carries two currents . . . . E 187 

Bedroom 

atmosphere H 158 

care of 

morning work H 146-155 

night preparation H 154 

personal responsibility H 53 

furnishings for a girl's room H 54 

furniture, designs for D 57-58* 

guest room H 367 

See also Beds; Closets 

Bedroom electric heater E 126* 

Bedroom slippers. See Slippers 

Beds 

bough beds K 65* 

camping outfits K 64-66* 

designs D 60*, 373* 

doll's bed of pasteboard, and fittings H 11-12 

making fittings for a doll's bed N 50-56* 

making up a bed H 54, 149-155 

Bed spread. See Counterpane 

Bee balm (Flower) 

habits and characteristics G 333, 347 

Bee-hive. See Bees 

Bee-keepers Association, value of A 326 

Bee stings 

prevention and cure A 317-318 

Beech nuts 

characteristics A 37 

gathering A 38 

Beef 

cuts and their uses H 268-269 

food value table H 252 

Beef tea 

making H 278 

Bees A 287-336 

books about A 518 

brood chamber, description A 302*, 303 

what goes on in A 304-307 

buying, hints about A 294-297 

cost of colony A 288 

development from the egg A 393-395 

diseases and enemies A 322, 325 

egg-laying A 305 

feeding, spring and fall A 321 

hives 

arranging A 292 

drone and queen trap at entrance A 316* 

entrance to A 303 

kinds A 297, 300-304, 325 



GUIDE AND INDEX 95 

PAGE 

i — Continued 

modern A 301-S04* 

observation hive A 325, K 169 

old-fashioned A 300 

opening 

how to open, and remove frames .... A 315-318 

reasons for A 314 

putting together A 298 

supers A 302* 

ventilation A 294 

where to place A 290-291 

hiving A 313-314 

honey 

harvesting A 316 

making A 322-323 

plants which supply A 322 

supply for hives A 319 

uses of A 326 

honeycomb cells A 315-316 

how bees work A 324-325 

how to approach the hive .A 303 

Italian A 296 

keeping . 

how to begin A 287-290 

supplies for first year A 296-298 

life, length of A 306 

locating the hives A 290-291 

marketing the honey A 326-327 

nucleus, meaning A 296 

observation hives A 325, K 169* 

products of the hives A 322-325 

profit in A 299-300, 334-336 

protecting from wind and sun A 291-292 

queen bee 

clipping wings A 316 

locating A 316 

rearing A 331-333 

testing A 304 

runaway swarms, securing A 288 

shipping A 294 

smoking A 314-315 

success with bees: stories A 328-336 

swarm catcher, home-made A 310-313* 

swarming 

reasons for A 304 

time and process A 307-309 

to prevent A 315 

varieties A 295 

wax making A 323 

wintering A 319-321* 

worker bees, development of A 305-306 



96 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Beeswax for cleaning irons H 317 

Beetles 

development from the egg A 393-395 

extermination of pests G 117, 28.5, 287, 292 

mounting specimens A 384* 

Beets 

boiling . . .^ G 298 

cooking preparation H 293 

food value H 255 

insect pests G 288 

planting seeds G 298 

depth and distance G 42 

quantity to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination time G 32 

soil preparation G 298 

transplanting, to avoid G 122, 298 

Begonias 

bedding plant G 324 

window box plant G 193 

Bell, Alexander Graham 

inventor of the telephone E 274 

Bellflower 

habits and characteristics G 346 

Bellicent 

mother of Gareth H 21 

Bellows 

blacksmith's M 216* 

metal worker's M 12* 

Bells 

brass work M 145-147* 

See also Electric bells 

Belt buckle 

copper work M 88-90* 

designs for M 195* 

Belt pin 

copper work D 350* 

Belts 

knotted raffia N 273-274 

Irish crochet N 335-337* 

tooled leather, designs and process D 324-328* 

Bench 

double seat for summer house C 422-424* 

riverside B 158 

selection of wood for C 409 

stationary outdoor bench C 408-409 

See also Settees 

Bench hook 

making C 139-142* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 97 

PAGE 

Bench stop C 1S9 

Bench work. See Carpentry; Whittling 

Berries 

food value . H St55 

picking A 8-20 

seasons A 8 

washing H 295 

See also names of berries, e. g., Raspberry; Strawberry; Thimble- 
berry; etc, 

Bessemer steel. See Steel 

Bethsaida 

Story of the loaves and fishes H 32 

Bezel setting M 152-157*, 163*. 176 

Bicycle 

sprocket wheel B 327* 

Biennials 

definition G 160 

what and how to plant G 322 

Binding edges and seams N 51* 

Biplane 

construction . , B 173-175* 

making a toy model C 68-74* 

Birch 

aspen leaved * C 558 

bark, removing A 66-67 

uses A 67 

black or sweet birch C 557 

blue or hornbeam . . . C 559 

gray C 558 

kinds and characteristics C 556-559 

red C 557 

staining mahogany color D 230 

white, canoe, or paper birch C 557 

yeUow C 557 

Birds 

April birds K 175 

attracting the birds A 454-459* 

bath, making C 219* 

books about A 519 

crows as pets K 176 

eggs and nests, collecting A 460 

enemies A 460-461, K 174 

flight, theory of B 195-197 

game preserve, creating A 464-465 

houses 

building C 213-220*, K 174-175 

location C 213 

suiting the birds C 219 

supports for C 218 

March birds K 175 

May birds K 176 



98 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Birds — Continu$d 

migration K 175 

nesting time K 176 

non-migrating ... K 176 

protecting fruit from A 461 

protection and care of A 458-459 

song birds, attracting A 454-457 

unlawful to cage K 173 

that stay all winter K 175 

traflSc in skins A 459-460 

training A 263-265 

value as garden pest destroyers G 280, A 455-457 

Bit and brace. See Carpentry and Woodwork — Tools 

Bites of insects 

treatment of H 364 

Bittersweet A 56 

Black bass 

bait for K 134 

Blacksmithing M 215-357 

equipment M 215 

fuel M 229 

fullering, meaning M 225 

iron used M 230-232 

tools M 222, 224-226*, 228, 229 

See also Forge; Forging; Horseshoeing; Iron work; Temper- 
ing; Steel; Welding 

Blankets 

campers' outfit K 66 

making for doll-bed N 54* 

washing woollens 11 324, 328 

Bleeding heart 

characteristics G 335, 365 

Blood root 

habits and characteristics G 343 

Blindman's bufiF (Game) K 337 

Block and tackle. See Pulleys 

Block printing on fabrics 

designs and process D 99-106* 

laundering articles D 107 

materials used for D 107 

Blood stains 

removing H 360 

Blotting pads 

leather, design and making D 335-338* 

metal corners, making M 122-124* 

making and carving hand blotter C 125-127* 

Blow pipe 

metal workers' tools M 12* 

Blowing engines 

diagonal catch and hand gear B 315 

Blue flag. See Iris 



GUIDE AND INDEX 99 

PAGE 

Blue printing 

leaves and flowers A 360-361 

Bluebell . . 

characteristics G 364 

Blueberries 

burning over land A 13, C 514 

canning factories A 12 

picking A 13 

varieties A 13 

where found A 11, C 514 

Bluebird 

insect destroyer A 456 

migration K 175 

Bluets G 341 

Bluing clothes H 18, 320 

Boards. See Lumber 

Boat building . B 84-109* 

carvel ribbon built boat B 89 

centre line of shaft B 90 

decks B 91 

dimensions of the Mocking Bird B 68* 

displacement B 89 

exhaust pipe 

fitting up B 97-98 

pet-cock B 99 

under water B 98-99 

expansion chamber B 98 

floor boards B 91 

block for B 76 

laying and setting up B 85-87* 

keelson B 86* 

knees B 91 

*' knock down" system B 66, 68 

launching the boat B 134, 136-138 

laying off the profile B 90 

lettering the name B 131-132 

materials and dimensions B 90-93* 

motor 

dimensions B 95 

installing B 93-95* 

motor bed, fitting B 91, 97 

offsets, table of B 92 

patterns, buying B 62 

plan and section of the Mocking Bird B 66-68* 

propeller shaft, installing B 93 

section of launch B 89* 

sections, spacing of B 91-92 

sheathing B 89* 

skeleton, fitting posts together B 88* 

steering gear B 346* 



100 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Boat Building — Continued 

stem B 86*, 90 

thwarts B 91 

unloading materials B 84-85 

varnishing the boat B 112 

See also Screw propeller 

Boat house building B 36-64* 

covering the frame B 40 

doors and \\indows B 37 

foundation B 36* 

frame, end and side B 37-40* 

pier, constructing B 19, 76 

roof B 40-42 

slides or ways B 44-45 

Boats 

fishing boats, fitting and cost K 140 

See also Boat building; Canoes and Canoeing; Launch; Screw 
Propeller 

Bob sled K 223* 

Bob white 

migration K 176 

planting seed birds A 464 

Bo-bo and 5ie roast pig H 18 

Bobolink 

migration K 176 

Bog plants G 366 

Bohnenberger's machine B 334* 

Boiling 

meats and fish H 278 

principle and process H 277 

seasoning H 279 

vegetables H 279 

Boiling point of liquids H 277 

Bolsters H 152 

Bolts 

forging M 240-244* 

Book case 

designs D 53*, 151*, 177*, C 351* 

**knock down" design and construction D 150-156* 

mission style C 352 

staining the wood D 236, 237 

with adjustable shelf, design and construction ... C 350-353* 
with glazed doors, design and construction .... D 176-180* 
See also Book rack 

Book cover 

limp leather design and making D 342-345* 

Book mark 

copper work M 128* 

Book rack 

copper work M 121*, D 351* 

folding, designing and making C 247-249* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 101 

PAGE 

Book rack — Continued 

wall rack, designing and making ... C 347-350*, D 156-151* 

Book shelves. See Book case; Book rack 

Book supports 

copper work M 121*, D 351* 

Books 

care of . . H 349 

Boomerang, Australian 

making B 232-234* 

Boone, Daniel 

wilderness traveler K 51 

Bootees 

knitted N 363-366* 

Bordeaux mixture 

receipt G 121, 294 

uses G 282, 288, 291 

Boring. See Drilling and Boring 

Bossing up , . . M 208, 419 

Botany 

collecting native plants in California A 96-98 

See also Flower gardening; Flowers 

Bottles 

killing bottle for insects A 378-380*, K 151*, 154 

washing H 183 

Boulder up (Game) K 345 

Boulders 

moving on rollers B 18-19* 

raising B 15-17* 

Bow and arrow K 329 

Bowling 

lawn bowling K 366 

Bowls. See Brass work; Copper work; Metal work; 
Pottery 

Box elder 

characteristics C 548 

Box furniture C 475-478* 

Box kite. See Kites 

Box making 

design to resemble books C 397* 

dovetail joints C 315-318* 

drawing instrument box C 240* 

hinging a Hd C 239 

knife and fork box C 223-226* 

nail box C 206-209* 

pencil box, making and carving C 106-108* 

proportions C 235 

seat and chest combined C 476* 

simple box C 40* 

toilet boxes C 315-318*, 235-241* 

See also Copper work; Inlaying; Metal work; 
Wood carving 



102 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Boy Scouts of America K 19-49* 

activities K 43 

ambulance badge, qualifications for K 27 

aviator badge, qualifications for K 28 

badges K 27-36 

bee-keeper's badge, qualifications for K 28 

blacksmith's badge, qualifications for K 28 

bugler's badge, qualifications for K 28 

campaigning K 43 

camps, routine and model programme K 46-49 

carpenter's badge, qualifications for K 29 

clerk's badge, qualifications for K 29 

cook's badge, qualifications for K 29 

cyclist's badge, qualifications for K 29 

dairyman's badge, qualifications for K 30 

electrician's badge, qualifications for K 30 

engineer's badge, qualifications for K 30 

farme-'s badge, qualifications for K 30 

finances K 41 

fireman's badge, qualifications for K 31 

first aid to animals' badge, qualifications for K 31 

first-class tests K 24-25 

founder of society K 20 

gardener's badge, qualifications for K 31 

handy man's badge, qualifications for K 31 

headquarters K 19 

horseman's badge, qualifications for K 32 

interpreter's badge, quaUfications for K 32 

laws .^ K 25-27 

leather workers' badge, qualifications for K 33 

life saver's badge, qualifications for K 38 

marksman's badge, qualifications for K 33 

master-at-arms badge, qualifications for K 33 

membership requirements K 22-25 

missioner's badge, qualifications for K 33 

musician's badge, qualifications for K 33 

oath K 22 

oflBcial hand book, how to obtain K 49 

origin K 20 

pathfinder's badge, quaUfications for K 34 

patrols, forming . K 27, 38-39 

photographer's badge, qualifications for K 35 

pioneer's badge, qualifications for K 35 

piper's badge, qualifications for K 35 

plumber's badge, qualifications for K 35 

poultry farmer's badge, qualifications for K 36 

principles of good scouting K 39 

printer's badge, qualifications for K 36 

purpose K 20 

salute and secret sign K 22 

scout craft K 21, 43 



GUIDE AND INDEX 103 

PAGE 

Boy Scouts of America — Continued 

scout master, qualifications and duties K 26, 42-43 

second-class tests K 23 

sign posts for scout master K 43-46 

signaler's badge, qualifications for K 36 

seaman's badge, qualifications for K 36 

stalker's badge, qualifications for K 37 

starman's badge, qualifications for K 37 

surveyor's badge, qualifications for . K 38 

swimmer's badge, qualifications for K 38 

tenderfoot, class requirements K 22 

troop, organization K 26-27, 40-41 

Boys' clubs. See Clubs 

Brace and bit. See Carpentry and Woodwork — Tools 

Bracelets 

silver work . M 174-177* 

Bracket 

brass work M 146-147* 

iron work M 393-395* 

wood 

corner bracket. C 246* 

designs C 242-244* 

malmig C 245 

Braiding 

coronation braid 

daisy pattern N 109-111* 

what it is and how to sew it on N 108-109* 

fastening the ends of the braid N 107 

flat braid, how to sew it on N 108 

rugs and mats N 296 

soutache braid N 107 

stamping the design N 107 

weaving 

four strands N 295* 

how to begin N 295-296* 

joining a new strand N 296, 298*, 301 

on frame N 296-301* 

six strands N 296* 

Braising H 280 

xjrass 

cleaning H 135, M 140 

coloring blue black M 205 

coloring green C 379 

composition and characteristics of M 133 

tarnish, to prevent M 140 

Brass work M 133-147* 

bell and bracket M 145-147* 

bracket M 146-147* 

crumb tray and scraper M 135-136* 

finger bowl M 133-135* 

handles to vase, making M 143 



104 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Brass work — Continued 

soldering a vase M 144 

tea caddy M 136-140* 

vase . M 140-145* 

weighting a vase M 143 

See also Copper work; Metal work 

Brazilian point lace N 238* 

Brazing metals M 310-315 

preparation of parts and process M 311-314 

value M 314 

Bread 

baking H 283 

brown bread, food value H 257 

camp cooking K 87-88 

curled bread for camping E 303 

food value H 250, 254. 300 

freshening dry bread H 354 

ingredients, purpose of H 298-299 

kneading H 299 

mixing H 299 

raising H 300 

settmg H 299 

unleavened H 300 

yeast for H 296-297 

Bread board . 

making C 222-223* 

Breakfast food 

food value H 254 

left overs H 355 

Breeding 

purpose and standards K 177 

skill in breeding Dutch belted varieties K 184 

See also Domestic animals; also names of animals, e. g.. Horse; 
Poultry; Swine etc. 

Bridges 

building a foot bridge B 70-73* 

Brier stitch. See Feather-stitching 

Broilers. See Electric broilers; Poultry raising 

Broiling 

process and utensils H 275-276 

Brooches 

silver work M 171-174* 

Brooders 

making K 199 

Brook trout 

bait K 136 

reclaiming a trout stream A 271-273 

Broth. See Soups 

Brother Juniper's cooking: story H 25 

Brown bread 

combinations for food values H 257 



GUIDE AND INDEX 105 

PAGE 

Brushes 

paint brushes H 342 

stenciling brushes . . . , N 79-80* 

See also Commutators (Electricity) 

Brussels sprouts 

soil and planting G 299-300 

Brussels stitch N 229-231* 

Buckeye tree 

characteristics C 565 

Buckles 

belt buckles, making M 88-90*, 195* 

turn buckles, forging M 324, 330-334* 

Buckthorn for hedges G 357 

Buckwheat 

cakes and sausage, food value H 258 

food value H 254 

Budding plants G 250-253 

Buffet . . 

design D 56* 

Building 

base boards . C 475 

batter boards, posts and sills 

setting ^ D 25 

cheap finishings C 475 

chimneys, style of C 472 

construction 

boat house details B 36-42* 

house details , D 25-32* 

cornice detail D 29* 

flashing chimneys C 472 

interior finish details D 31* 

joists, placing B 39 

model house D 3-33 

rollers for moving heavy weights B 44 

sills, setting D 26-28* 

walls, finishing C 472 

woods and their uses C 536 

working drawings for D 21-23 

See also Architectiu'e; Bird houses; Boat building; Boat house; 
Carpentry; Columns; Doors; Floors; Foundations; House 
framing; Joints; Pergola; Poultry house; Summer house; 
Strength of materials; Windows; Wood 

Buildings 

wreckmg B 12-13, 43 

Bulbs (Metal) 

forging iron bulbs M 385-388" 

Bulbs (Plant) G 105-179 

California bulbs, collecting and cultivating A 94-99 

bedding plants G 171, 324 

blue flowers, Ust G 178 

colors, Ust G 177-179 



106 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Bulbs (Plant) — Continued 

drying and storing G 176 

easiest to grow G 166 

flat for, making G 61* 

forcing varieties G 171 

insect pests G 293 

outdoor planting, soil preparations G 170 

planting, hints G 171 

planting in lawns G 360, A 169, 434 

potting for winter, soil and drainage G 171 

red flowers, list G 179 

resting time G 173 

to prevent plants from blossoming low down G 175 

transferring to light and heat G 174, 175 

water bulbs G 168 

care and development G 175 

when to buy G 167 

white flowers, list G 177 

winter care of G 139 

yellow flowers, list G 178 

See also Canna; Chinese lilies; Crocus; Hyacinths; Narcissus; 
Tuhps 

Bulgarian drawn work N 222-226* 

Bull in the ring (Game) K 337 

Bungalow 

plan and elevation C 465* 

Bunsen burner M 11* 

Burdock 

class and seed time G 278 

destroying A 471 

distribution of seed G 273 

Bureau drawers 

arrangement and care of contents H 53-54 

dolFs playhouse in H 9 

Burgees ; .... B 108 

Bur-marigold (Beggarticks) 

class and seed time G 278 

Burned wood. See Pyrography 

Burns 

care of H 364 

Burroughs, John 

love for birds . .^ A 263 

Butcher knife. See Knives 

Butt joints C 251* 

Butter 

food value . H 250, 254 

how to judge butter H 271 

Butterflies 

breeding A 398-400 

classifying a collection A 386 

collecting A 381-384*. K 151-153 



GUIDE AND INDEX 107 

PAGE 

Butterflies, collecting — Continued 

series to illustrate development A 395-397 

time for A 388 

development from the egg A 393-395 

killing bottle and how to use it ... A 378-380, K 151*, 154 

mounting a collection A 381-386*, K 153* 

net for catching K 151* 

Butterfly weed 

habits and characteristics G 348, 365 

Buttermilk 

cleansing properties H 356 

Butternut tree 

characteristics A 36, C 564 

Buttonball tree . 

characteristics C 5Q9,, G 79 

Buttonholes N 58-62* 

cutting . ^ N 62 

loops, making N 62* 

stitch N 58* 

tailor-made N 59* 

thread for . . , N 58, 62 

Buttonholing 

blanket stitch N 142* 

finishing edge N 130, 133 

Hedebo embroidery N 202-206* 

honeycomb stitch N 144* 

knotting thread, to avoid N 131 

Mount Mellick N 143 

padding N 130-131 

Roman cut-work N 138-142* 

American stitch N 139* 

European stitch N 139-140* 

scalloping N 132* 

cutting out N 133 

triangular buttonholing N 143* 

8ee also Wallachian embroidery 

Buttons 

sewing on N 4-6* 

Buttonwood 

characteristics C 562 

Buying. See Marketing 

C 

Cabbage 

bleaching heads G 126 

cooking preparations H 293 

family G 299 

food value H 255 

growing G 123-128 

harvesting G 126 

indoor planting . . G 233 

insect pests G 125, 288 



108 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Cabbage — Continued 
planting seed . 

depth and distance to plant G 42 

early and late crops G 124 

quantity to plant G 86 

time to plant G 234 

savoy variety for poor soil G 301 

seed germination 

per cent G 233 

time required G 32 

soil requirements G 19, 301 

storing G 127 

Cabinet 

with drawers, making C 209-212* 

with shelves and glass doors, making D 176-179* 

See also Filing cabinet; Medicine cabinet; Tool cabinet 

Cabinet work. See Carpentry and Woodwork 

Cables, submarine 

laying the Atlantic cable E 65-66 

number in operation E 66 

rates E 67 

Cactus 

use of pitch A 64 

Cahni, Dr. 

inventor of Telharmonium E 293-295 

Cake 

baking H 303 

freshening dry cake H 351 

making H 301-303 

substituting lard for butter H 355 

Calcimine 

cleaning walls H 122 

Calendar back 

whittling €18* 

Calendula 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 

Calf 

beef versus dairy feeding A 121 

diseases A 120 

fattening A 121 

feeding A 119-122 

raising A 118-126 

teaching to drink A 119 

training to lead A 121, 258 

watering A 122 

Calfskin 

for leather work N 84 

California bulbs 

collecting and growing A 94-99 

California poppies 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 



GUIDE AND INDEX 109 

PAGE 

Calipers . 

blacksmiths' tools . . M 225 

Call ball K 338 

Caloric theory of heat E 342 

Calves. See Calf 

Cambium A 441 

Camelot H 20, 22 

Cameras 

kinds and cost K 303-304 

lenses K 307 

Camp stool 

making . C 406-408* 

Camphor for packing . H 347, 349 

Camping . 

beds K 64-66* 

blankets K 66 

bough bed K 65* 

Boy Scouts' camp K 46-49 

brush leanto K 69* 

clothing K 71-74 

cooking K 75-92* 

bread K 87-88 

coffee K 87 

fish K 89, 90 

frying K 91 

game K 89, 90 

Indian meal K 88 

johnny cake K 88 

left overs K 89 

meat, time K 90 

rice K 90 

rules K 86-92 

utensils K 82-83 

vegetables K 89, 90 

drainage problem K 57 

electric lights, installation and cost E 162-169 

fireplaces, building K 78-79 

fires 

for cooking K 77-82* 

gypsy rig K 79 

hunter's fire K 78-79 

lighting in the rain K 68 

making K 67-69 

that will burn all night K 68, 78* 

firewood, providing for K 55-56 

fitting up an old mill E 160-161 

food, care of K 85-86 

girl's work in K 323-324 

hints for comfort K 71-74 

locality, choosing K 53-54 

mosquitoes, protection from K 70 



110 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Camping — Continued 

outfit K 58-74* 

ovens K 80-82* 

principles ul' K 50-54 

selecting a leader K 53 

shower bath de\'ice E 161* 

site, selecting K 54-58 

sleeping bag and head shelter K 52* 

tents K 58-60* 

pegs, securing K 60 

pitching K 61-64* 

sod cloth K 61 

water supply device K 54-55* 

Canadian pine C 536 

Candleberry A 18-19 

Candles 

bayberry dips A 20-21 

shades, making from cardboard and paper D 358* 

Candlestick 

copper work M 47-56* 

pottery, designing D 313-315* 

spiral, iron work M 388-391* 

wrought iron, making M 380-383* 

Candytuft 

annual G 322 

characteristics G 330, 332 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 

Cane rush K 338 

Canes 

woods used for A 59-60 

Canna 

bedding plants G 324 

planting bulbs G 139, 159 

planting seeds G 159 

Canning and preserving 

elderberries A 16 

Canoe tilting (Game) K 339 

Canoeing K 240-243* 

accidents, avoiding K 242 

girl's sports K 321 

Indian model canoe K 240* 

paddling K 242-243 

sailing canoes K 241-243* 

Canterbury bell 

biennial G 322 

Capstan B 79, 347* 

Car springs B 264-265* 

Carafe 

washing H 183 

Carbohydrates 

effect of boiling processes H 277 



GUIDE AND INDEX 111 

PAGE 

Carbohydrates — Continued 

food composition H 248 

in vegetables H 250 

proportion in diet H 249, 252 

Carbon bisulphid 

insecticide G 283, 289 

Carbon filaments. See Electric lamps — Incandescent 
Carbonic acid 

as leaf food G 242-243 

Carbureter B 95* 

Card, Leslie E. 

How I started with hens A 168-172 

Card case 

making and embroidering N 183-186* 

tooled leather, design and making D 338-340* 

Card tray 

copper work D 355-358* 

Carpentry and Woodwork 

beveling C 147* 

gage device for C 260 

bill of material, value in making C 189*, 206 

board feet, estimating C 503 

construction C 250-257 

cm*ved rails, making D 183 

curves, cutting with gouge C 258-260* 

cutting up old lumber B 75-76 

doweling D 134 

dressing down lumber C 144-147, 186-190 

estimating lumber C 498-509 

gaining-in shelves . D 153* 

glued-up work, joining D 134-136* 

gluing 

joints D 140-142*, 144-146 

mitre joints C 232-234* 

process C 225 

gouge work C 258-265* 

grooves 

chiseling C 207-208, 211 

cutting C 110-111* 

gouging C 258-260* 

joint edge, meaning C 186 

joints. See Joints in main alphabet 

mathematics of woodwork C 498-509* 

mortise, cutting D 154 

nails 

holding power B 46-47 

sinking C 208* 

outdoor carpentry C 457-480* 

panels 

for desk D 184-187* 

for door C 354-355, 55^8-530 



112 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Carpentry and Woodwork, panels — Continued 

original purpose of C 528-530* 

planing C 146. D 133-134. 136 

position for planing C 178 

surface planing and taking out wind C 179 

use of shooting board C 106* 

rabbeting C 210-211 

sand papering D 187 

shop equipment C 133-149* 

grindstone C 181-184* 

lumber rack C 150-154* 

nail box and cabinet C 206-212* 

tool box, making C 226-227* 

tool chest and cabinet, making C 339-346 

work bench, types C 134-138* 

spokeshave work, examples C 126*. 266*, 271* 

squaring up stock C 144-147, 185-190* 

stock, selection and preparation D 130-133* 

systematic plan in worlang D 138-139 

testing grain of the wood for strength C 245 

truing up C 148-149, D 136-138* 

undercutting C 263-264* 

warping, to prevent D 135* 

working face of lumber C 186 

See aZ^o Building; Doors; Floors; House framing; Joints; Lum- 
ber; Polishing; Rustic furniture; Stains and staining; Strength 
of materials; \Miittling; Windows; Wood; Wood finishing 
Carpentry and Woodwork — Problems 

box furniture C 475-478* 

brackets C 242-246* 

bread board C 222* 

camp stool C 406-408* 

chest and box seat combination C 476* 

checkerboard C 332-338* 

clock cases C 276-290* 

coat hanger C 266* 

couch hammock C 478-480* 

drawers, making C 206-210*. 359* 

drawing board C 24*. 381 

foot stools C 291-300* 

mission style C 374-375* 

handles for hatchet and hammer C 271* 

hinges, setting C 239 

household utensils C 221-226. 272-273* 

knife and fork box C 223-226* 

ladle C 272* 

linen chest C 377-380* 

magazine rack D 52*. 165-170* 

mechanical drawing outfit C 381-398* 

medicine cabinet C 354-360* 

mitre box C 228-231* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 113 

PAGE 

Carpentry and Woodwork — Problems — Continued 

Morris chair D 50*, 188-193 

nail boxes C 208-212* 

pen and ink trays C 258-264* 

pin tray . . T C 264* 

rustic furniture D 209-211* 

sugar scoop C 272* 

toilet boxes C 315-318*, 235-241* 

tool cases and chest C 226-227*, 339-344 

tool rack C 341* 

towel rack C 274* 

towel roller C 267-269* 

umbrella stand D 161-165 

mission design C 375* 

See also Bird house; Book case; Book rack; Box making; 
Building; Chairs; Desk; Doors; Floors; House framing; Inlaying, 
wood; Joints; Mechanical drawing; Mission furniture; Per- 
gola; Picture frames and framing; Plant stands; Poultry house; 
Settees; Stains and staining; Tables; Tabourette; Toy making; 
Whittling; Windows; Wood; Wood carving; Wood finishing 
Carpentry and Woodwork — Tools 

auger bit C 194* 

bench hook C 139-142* 

bench stop . C 139 

bit and brace 

"chuck" C 193 

extension bit C 195* 

ratchet attachment for corners C196 

types C 193-197* 

boring tools^ C 193-198* 

braces, making C 148 

cases and cabinets, makuig C 226-227*, 339-346* 

centre bit C 193* 

chisels, socket and tang C 207* 

clamps, devices for C 201* 

coping saw C 20* 

cutting tools, construction and action C 169 

dowel bit C 194 

draw knife C 216* 

drill bits C 196 

drills C 193-198* 

dulling edges on old lumber B 75-76 

files, kind and uses C 204 

Forstner bit C 196* 

gimlet bit C 194*, 196 

gouge C 258-260* 

hammers C 203* 

hand screw C 200-201* 

using C 224-226* 

mallet C 200* 

mitre box C 228-231* 



114 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Carpentry and Woodwork — Tools — Continued 

nail set C 208* 

oil stone C 183* 

planes C 176-184* 

pliers C 199* 

quality C 133 

rack C 341* 

rules C 205 

saw horse, making C 143-149* 

saws C 169-175* 

screw driver C 199* 

screw driver bit C 195 

sharpening C 179-184* 

shooting board 

how to make C 189* 

how to use C 106* 

spirit level C 205* 

spokeshave C 126 

square, steel C 205*, M 5* 

surface plate D 136 

template C 264* 

vise, quick action C 138* 

winding sticks D 137* 

Carpets 

cleaning H 128 

storing H 348 

See also Rugs 

Carriages 

cleaning .A 408 

Carrier pigeons K 180 

Carrot 

planting seed 

quantity to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination period G 32, 233 

soil for G 301 

thinning plants G 301 

varieties G 301 

wild carrot G 273, 278 

Carving 

shelf fungi A 62 

See also Wood carving 

Case hardening M 308-310 

Cast-iron 

brazing M 312 

Castors, Acme pin D 193 

Cat 

characteristics K 170-173 

Cat (Game) K 339 



GUIDE AND INDEX 115 

PAGE 

Cat-stitch 

embroidery stitch N 102* 

Cat-tail 

characteristics G 366 

Catalpa 

characteristics G 367 

ornamental value G 353 

Catbird 

insect destroyer A 456 

migration K 175 

Caterpillars 

collecting specimens A 395 

garden pests G 282, 285, 287, 290 

Cauliflower 

cooking, preparation for H 293 

growing G 299 

insect pests G 289 

seed, germination per cent G 233 

time to plant G 234 

Cavies 

care of pets K 183-184 

raising for pets A 206 

varieties K 183 

Cedar 
red 

characteristics C 541 

durability C 494 

white, characteristics C541 

Cedar bird 

migration K 175 

Cedar chest 

making C 377-380* 

Ceiling 

as reflector H 121 

care of H 121 

decorations to correct defects of height D 38 

Celery 

blanching G 132 

fertilizer for G 131 

food value H 255 

insect pests G 287, 290 

planting plants G 131-132 

planting seeds G 302 

indoor planting time G 233 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination per cent G 233 

germination period G 32 

soil for G 131, 301 

substitutes for, in salad H 358 

transplanting G 302 



116 GUIDE AND INDEX 



PAGE 



Celery — Continued 

trenches for G 131 

Cellar H 208-213 

care of H 212 

cleaning walls H 210 

materials for floor and wall H 208, 210 

must, preventing H 212 

racks for barrels and pans H 213 

rooms and equipment H 210-211 

ventilation H 208 

windows H 208 

Cells. See Electric batteries 

Cellular kites, making C 91-92* 

Cement 

cellar walls H 208 

coloring for pottery D 208 

columns, building C 438-440 

dams B 246-247 

engraver's receipt M 205 

floors, making A 137 

foundations 

boat house B 36 

house C 459 

pergola C 426-433 

lining pond G 135-136 

mixing for floors and walks ... A 137, B 20, 32, C 432, G 135 

Portland, origin and uses B 246-248 

retaining walls, riverside B 238-245 

Cement blocks 

making B 242-245 

Cement furniture D 201-209* 

color for inlaid designs D 208 

decoration D 207* 

finishing coat D 206 

scratch coat, making and laying D 204 

wire forms for, making D 202-203 

Cement walks .... 

floating operation B 33 

jointing B 34 

laying out B 9-12 

leveling B 30* 

materials B 19-20, 32 

roots, danger from B 15 

sides, making B 30* 

tampers for B 31 

trench digging and filling B 14, 29-30, 32 

Centigrade scale B 262 

Centre punch. See Punch 

Chafing dish, electric E 113* 

Chain-stitch 

crocheting N 308* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 117 

PAGE 

Chain-stitch — Continued 

embroidery N 99-100* 

Chains 

welding iron chains M 250-253* 

adding links M 253 

See also Bead work; Necklace 

Chairs 

box furniture making C 476* 

camp stool making C 406-408 

dining-room, design D 54* 

Duxbury design D 59 

hall chair, design D 48* 

kitchen furniture H 196 

Morris chair 

designs D 50*, 189* 

making D 188-193* 

See also Bench making; Settees 

Chalk 

French chalk ^ H 332. 360 

lime composition G 216 

Chamber work H 146-159 

Chamois gloves 

washing H 331 

Chamois skin 

for leather work N 84 

Champleve 

definition M 208 

enameling M 202 

Chanterelles, mushrooms A 89 

Character 

influence of occupations on A 6 

Charcoal 

how made M 230 

purifying qualities H 242, 354 

Charge accounts. See Accounts 

Chasing metals 

definition of M 209 

Chassis. See Automobiles 

Checkerboard 

designing and making C 333-338* 

table, making C 337* 

woods to use C 332-333 

Cheese 

food value H 254 

Chemical elements 

of food H 248 

of the human body H 247 

Cherry tree 

characteristics of the wild or black variety C 561 

seeds, care of A 48 

wood for canes . . A 59 



118 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Chest 

making a box seat combination C 476* 

making a linen chest C 377-380'^' 

See also Tool boxes and chests 

Chesterton, G. R. 

keeping good health: quotation H 244 

Chestnut 

characteristics of tree C 562 

chinquapins, characteristics A 32-33 

cultivating A 31 

disease A 30 

durability of the wood C 494 

food value H 255 

grafting trees A 31 

Japanese, hardy variety A 30 

varieties A 30 

weevil, pest A 33 

wood finish 

antique C 489 

fuming D 233 

Chicken house. See Poultry houses 

Chickens. See Poultry 

Chickweed 

class and seed time G 278 

Chimney, house 

cold, meaning of H 224 

fire, extinguishing H 234 

"flashing" C 472 

See also Flues 

China aster 

characteristics G 329 

Chinese lilies 

water bulbs G 168. 175 

Chinese windlass B 81 

Chinquapin 

characteristics A 32-33 

weevils, pest A 33 

Chip carving. See Wood carving 

Chisel 

cape chisel, making M 299* 

cold chisel, hardening and tempering M 293 

making M 298*, 325* 

what used for M 225* 

hot chisel 

making M 324* 

what used for M 225* 

metal work tool M 9* 

sharpening C 179-184* 

silver work tool, making M 157-158* 

socket and tang, how to use C 207-208* 

stone chisel, forging M 341-344* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 119 

PAGE 

Chisel — Continued " 

wood chisel, forging M 337-338 

Chlorinated soda 

ink stain remover H 359 

Chocolate 

food value H 256 

Christmas greens 

collecting and marketing A 50-57 

Christmas tree 

harvesting A 53 

oak trees transformed A 51 

Chrysanthemiun 

back ground plants G 321 

characteristics G 335 

time of blooming G 322 

Chuck ribs H 268 

Cider 

wastefulness in making A 50 

Cigar box 

copper decorations M 84*, 85 

Cigar lighters. Electric E 115* 

Circle 

how to draw . . C 28-30* 

Citizenship 

training for ... A 449-451 

City water supply. See Water works 

City yard 

making and cost of a garden G 23, 134-141 

Clamps C 201* 

Clams 

cookmg H 291 

food value H 254 

testing H 291 

washing H 291 

Clap boards 

for siding C 445 

removing B 12 

Clarkia 

characteristics G 328, 332 

Claw tool 

making M 353* 

Clay. See Soils 

Clay modeling. See Pottery 

Cleaning 

delicate colors and textures H 332 

restoring color taken out by an acid or alkali H 361 

stains and spots on fabrics H 358-361 

woodwork H 123 

See also Brass; Carpets; Curtains; Embroidery; Flues; Fur- 
nace; Furniture; House cleaning; Matting; Pictures; Rugs; 
Shades; Tiles; Vegetables; Walls; Vacuum cleaners 



120 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Cleft grafting, ^ee Grafting 
Clematis 

decorative value G 359 

Japanese, characteristics G 365 

Clippings 

making envelope file N 187-189* 

Clocks 

cases, making • • ; C 276-290* 

clocks for cases, selecting C 276 

electric clocks 

alarm clocks E 302 

master clock E 77-78 

operation E 75-78 

program clocks E 77 

self winding E 76 

watchman's time detector E 78* 

fastening the clock into the case C 282* 

grandfather's clock, design and construction .... C 284-290* 
hall clock, design and construction ... . . D 193-198* 

wood finish ^ ^ D 237 

mantel clock, design and construction C 282-284* 

mission style, design and construction C 277-278* 

pendulum clock case, design and construction ... C 281-282* 

pulley mechanism B 310* 

wall clock, design and construction C 279-281* 

See also Watches 
Cloisonne 

definition of M 209 

enameling M 201 

Closets, Clothes 

cleaning and care H 53, 157 

w^indow in D 12 

Closets, Toilet 

cleaning bathroom toilet H 155 

sanitary equipment and care of outdoor closets H 222 

Closing the house II 349-351 

Clothes basket for laundry H 315 

Clothes-horse H 318 

Clothes line, care of H 311 

Clothes pins, care of H 315 

Clothes poles H 315 

Clothes press. See Closets, Clothes 
Clothing and dress 

art and fashions D 122 

being well dressed D 122-125 

business women's attire D 127 

camp outfit K 71-74 

care of 

importance H 57 

in bureau drawers H 53-54 

in closets H 158 



GUIDE AND INDEX 121 

PAGE 

Clothing and Dress, care of — Continued 

responsibility for H 53 

children's attire D 127 

color in D 124 

decorative principles D 121 

girl's equipment for outdoor sports K 319-320 

harmony and good lines D 123 

proportion of income assigned for H 74, 76, 78 

See also Dressmaking; Sewing 

Clouds 

cumulus B 365 

formation B 356-357 

hail clouds B 366 

Clubs 

agricultural, organizing A 452-454 

garden club G 3-16 

outdoor club A 451-454 

science club E 339 

sewing club N 11 

wireless club E 331-332 

See also Boy Scouts of America 

Coal 

bituminous, value of M 229 

estimating energy in E 6 

specific gravity B 279 

supply decreasing E 6 

See also Fire making 

Coasting K 223 

luge-ing , K 371 

Coat hangers 

making C 266* 

Cocklebur 

class and seed time G 278 

Cockroaches H 362 

Cocoa 

food value H 256 

Cocoanuts 

food value H 255 

Cocoon. See Silkworms 

Codfish 

combinations for food value H 257 

food value H 253 

Codling moth 

woodpecker enemy of K 168 

Coffee 

camp cooking K 87 

Coffee mill 

mechanical principle of B 807-308* 

Coffee percolator. Electric E 113* 

Coffee pots 

care of H 207 



122 



GUIDE AND INDEX 



PAGE 

Coffee stains H 359 

Coffee tree, Kentucky 

characteristics C 566 

Cold chisel. See Chisel 

Coldframe 

changing to a hotbed G 38 

directions for making G 48-50* 

drilling the rows G 98 

planning G 19 

soil and location G 97 

storage for endive G 305 

transplanting from G 101-102 

Coleus 

bedding plant G 324 

Collar 

metal work appliance M 209 

Collar, dress. See Dressmaking; Irish Crochet 

Collar sUdes 

silver work M 170-171* 

Collecting. See Insects; Plants; Seaweed; Shells 

College athletics 

best records made in intercollegiate contests K 336 

College education 

earning A 3, 7 

Color 

due to wave length E 315 

in dress D 124 

restoring to fabrics H 361 

See also Floral decoration; House decoration 

Colts. See Horses 

Columbine 

habits and characteristics G 341, 364 

Columns, concrete 

constructing and setting for pergola C 434-440* 

Combs 

silver work M 194-196* 

Commutation (Electricity) 

brushes E 36 

principle of E 35-36 

Compass 

use in drawing C 28-30 

Compost. See Fertilizers and manures 

Concrete. See Cement 

Cones. See Pine 

Conic sections 

describing B 338* 

Coniferous trees C 535-542 

Conservation of natural resources 

conser\dng nature's crops A 92-94 

See also Forestry 



GUIDE AND INDEX 123 

PAGE 

Cook 

duties H 109, 112 

Cook book 

making from books and magazines H 284 

Cookery H 274-308 

camp cookery X 75-92* 

definition H 274 

emergencies H 354-357 

freshening bread or cake H 353 

left overs, utilizing H 355, K 89 

mixtures, principles of H 296-305 

preparation of foods for H 285-305 

processes H 275-285 

purpose of H 275 

sequence of work in getting a meal H 305-308 

soda, uses of H 356 

substitutes for articles called for by 

receipts H 354-355 

Sim as cook H 274 

time tables H 309-310 

warming over food. H 355 

See also Baking; Boiling; Braising; Bread; Broiling; Cake; 
Canning and preserving; Coffee; Corn; Desserts; Diet; Eggs; 
Electric cooking; Fireless cookers; Fish; Food; Frying; 
Game; Meat; Mushrooms; Oysters; Pastry; Poultry; Rice; 
Roasting; Shellfish; Soups; Stewing; Tea; Traveler's cooker; 
Vegetables 
Coons. See Raccoons 
Copper work 

annealing M 21 

ash tray M 85* 

belt buckle M 88-90*, 195* 

belt pin . D 350* 

bill file M 124-126* 

book mark M 128* 

book rack M 121*, D 351* 

bowls M 19-25* 

chalice M 60* 

loving cup M 86 

nut set M 38* 

shaping M 19* 

box for jewels M 112-115* 

candlestick M 47-56* 

drip pan M 48* 

night candle holder M 50-52* 

sconce M 52-56* 

shaping M 48* 

card tray D 355-358* 

cedar chest, trimmings M 115-117* 

chalice M 60-63* 

?5§ar box decorations M 84,* 85 



124 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Copper work — Continued 

coloring D 357, M 202, 204, 205 

comers D 353* 

cutting heavy copper M 34* 

desk set M 117-129* 

draw filing M 37 

enameling on copper D 354, 355 

facets, how made M 22 

filing M 36-38* 

hammering M 21-23*, 29-30*, 39* 

handles 

candlestick M 49 

Io\ing cup M 87* 

making and riveting M 76-77 

making and soldering M 78-79 

hat pin D 348-50*, M 64-67* 

soldering pin to head M 68* 

hat pin holder M 69-72* 

hinges M 100-106*, 112-115* 

ink well holder M 118-121* 

jars M 56-60*, 82-85* 

jewel box M 107-115* 

hinges M 112-115* 

knobs on lids M 83 

lamp. Electric M 92-96* 

lamp shade 

framework M 96-98* 

setting glass M 98-99* 

letter opener D 347* 

letter rack D 346-347* 

lids 

chalice M 62-63* 

ink well holder M 120* 

jewel box M 111-112* 

rose jar M 59 

tobacco jar M 83-84* 

lo\ing cup M 86-88* 

match safe M 81-82* 

molds for M 27-28 

nut set M 38-40* 

nut spoon M 39-40* 

paper knife D 347*, M 34-38*, 126* 

turned handle M 127* 

patina, imitation M 202 

composition for M 204 

pen tray M 118-119* 

polishing M 25 

rose jar M 56-60* 

Russian coffee pot M 63* 

sawing M 35-36* 

sconce M 52-56* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 125 

PAGE 

Copper work — Continued 

serving tray M 75-77* 

sheet copper, grades M 14 

smoking set M 79-86* 

soldering 

handles M 78-79 

hat pin M 68* 

spindle M 124-126* 

spoon for nut set M 39-40* 

teapot stand D 351-353* 

tobacco jar M 82-85* 

trays M 26-33*, 75-77* 

ash tray . ^ M 85* 

handles, making and riveting M 76-77 

pen tray M 118* 

romid . M 26-31* 

serving tray M 75-77* 

smoking set M 80-81* 

square M 31-33* 

watch fob D 353-355* 

See also Brass work; Metal work; Silver work; Tools 
Copyright 

application items B 426 

assigning rights B 425 

directions for securing B 422-426 

duplicate certificates B 425 

fees for recording B 423 

issue of work, not limited B 425 

invahd, when B 423 

labels B 426 

paintings, statues, etc B 426 

penalties for breaking laws B 423, 424 

projected work B 425 

renewals B 425 

term B 424 

trade marks B 426 

translation rights B 424 

volumes and variations . . B 425 

Coral 

how coral is formed G 216 

Coral bells 

characteristics G 334 

Coral fungi A 86 

Coreopsis 

annual G 322 

characteristics G 329 

sowing and blossoming time G161 

Com 

contest in growing corn G 142-150 

cooking dried corn A 428 

cultivation of soil G 144 



126 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Corn — Continued 

drying A 427-428 

food value H 255 

husking for cooking H 294 

husks, uses of A 63 

insect pests G 290 

percentage of corn to cob G 148 

points for judging G 147 

planting seeds . 

distance to plant G 42, 144 

depth to plant G 35, 42, 144, 235 

quantity to plant G 36, 144 

time to plant G 234 

planting varieties near together G 145 

pollination, how plants are fertilized G 145 

raising on a suburban lot A 124 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

book about A 518 

germination per cent G 33, 233 

selection G 142-144. 228, A 410-412* 

soil required G 19, 144 

stalk pith, use of A 63 

Corn meal 

food value H 254 

cleansing property H 332 

Corned beef 

food value H 252 

Cornell University 

poultry course A 173 

Cornflower 

biennial G 332 

characteristics G 330, 332 

planting G 159 

self-sowing G 316 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 

Corning, W. 0. 

experiment with raising goats A 116-118 

Coronation braid 

how to braid N 108-111* 

Cosmos 

characteristics G 332 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 

Cost of living 

division of income H 69-86 

Cottages 

building and furnishing a simple home D 366-374* 

cost of materials . D 372 

Cotyledon 

seed nourishment G 230 



GUIDE AND INDEX 127 

PAGE 

Couch Cover 

weaving design D 260-262 

Couch hammock C 478-480* 

Couching 

embroidery stitches N 124* 

Counterpane 

making for doll-bed N 55* 

Counting-out rhymes K 340 

Country homes. See Cottages 

Country life 

making the country a better place to live in . . . A 449-512 
See also Camping; Gardening; Sports 

Court, tennis K 341 

Cover for note book 

tooled leather D 331-336 

Cows 

milking . A 245-247 

by electricity E 54 

profits in keeping cows A 243-244 

from one cow on a suburban lot A 123-126 

testing for milk supply A 244 

See also Calf; Milk 

Crab (Machine) . B 79* 

Crabapple, Wild 

butter or sauce A 22 

regions found A 21 

Crabs 

food value H 254 

cooking soft shell crabs H 293 

opening and cooking hard shells H 292 

Craigin, Belle S. 

Amateur's experience in poultry raising A 166-168 

Cranks (Machinery) 

crank motion B 312* 

mechanism B 319* 

Cream. See Milk and cream 

Cream of tartar 

uses H 301 

Credit. See Accounts . 

Creepers 

insect destroyers A 456 

Creosote 

wood preservative C 494 

Cricket K 341-343 

Crocheting N 306-319* 

abbreviations for stitches N 300 

chain stitch N 308* 

crazy stitch N 326 

cross stitch N 318* 

doll's cap N 320-32U 

doU's hug-me-tight N 321-323 



128 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Crocheting — Continued 

double crochet N 308* 

edging stitch 

loop N 311* 

narrow N 313* 

tiny edging N 311* 

fringe N 317 

hooks. . ^ N 306-307* 

insertion stitch 

cone N 314* 

loop N 312* 

tiny insertion N 310* 

insertion with ribbon N 315* 

jacket N 323-324* 

shell stitch N 329-332* 

patterns N 320-332* 

position of hands N 307* 

rainbow pattern N 316-317* 

scarf, cross stitch N 318* 

shawl, rainbow pattern N 316-317* 

shells N 310*, 329-332* 

single crochet stitch N 308*, 324* 

slip stitch N 308 

slippers N 324-329* 

crazy stitch N 32G* 

star stitch N 326-329* 

star stitch N 324*, 326* 

treble crochet N 309* 

washing N 332* 

Crocus 

planting in lawns A 169, 434 

planting tables G 177, 178 

Crops 

succession crops G 92 

See aho Gardening 

Croquet K 343 

golf-croquet K 354 

See also Roque 

Cross bow spring B 266* 

Cross stitch 

embroidery stitches N 103-106*, 107*, 108* 

marking towels N 156 

Crosses 

drawing designs C 25*, 27 

Greek, inlay design C 322 

Crowbars 

making M 352* 

Crows 

as pets K 176 

Crucible cast steel. See Steel 



GUIDE AND INDEX 129 

PAGE 

Crum tray and scraper 

brass work M 135-136* 

Crystals, snow B 367* 

Cuckoo 

insect eater A 456 

Cucumber 

food value H i55 

how to peel H 294 

indoor planting time G 233 

insect pests G 290 

origin of G 303 

planting seed 

directions G 303 

time to plant G 234 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination per cent. G 233 

tliinning plants G 303 

Cucumber vine 

ornamental value G 359 

Cuff links 

metal work M 192-194* 

Cuffs. See Dressmaking 

Cumulus B 365 

Curling (Game) K 344 

Curling iron. Electric E 116* 

Curtains . 

dry cleaning H 332 

dusting H 131 

girl's room, furnishings N 380-381 

materials for stenciling N81 

stencil design N 75* 

stenciling D 108-117* 

stretching H 328 

valance D 116 

washing H 328-329 

weaving, designs and materials D 262-265 

See also Block printing 

Curves 

drawing B 339* 

Cushions. See Pillows 

Cut worms G 293 

detecting and destroying G 284 

toads enemies of K 168 

Cyanide bottle for killing insects ....... A 379*, K 152 

Cypress 

varieties and characteristics C 540 

D 

Dado joints C 236*, 255* 



r 



130 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

DaffodU 

narcissus family G 169 

Van Sion variety G 168 

white and yellow, planting table G 177, 178 

Dairy cow. See Cows 

Dairy Products 

food value H 254 

See also Butter; Milk 

Dairying 

book about A 517 

keeping accounts A 241-242 

sanitary milk pail A 246* 

Daisy 

characteristics of the English daisy G 334 

class and seed time of ox-eyed and yellow G 278 

embroidery stitches N 177-179* 

Dampers 

in pipes and ovens H 229 

principle of stoves and ranges H 227-230 

Dams 

famous dams of concrete B 246-247 

Dandelion 

class and seed time G 278 

greens A 63 

Daphne 

characteristics G 355 

Darning 

Limerick darning, lace stitches N 234 

stockings N 9-11* 

Dates 

food value H 255 

Day and night 

cause of B 213 

Debit. See Accounts 

Decanter 

washing H 183 

Decoration and ornament 

woods suitable for C 240 

See also Block printing; Carving; Embroidery; Enamel and 
enameling; Floral decoration; House decoration; Leather 
work; Metal work; Pottery; Pyrography; Stenciling; Wood 
carving 

Decoration, interior. See House decoration 

Deer 

book about A 518 

Design. See Architecture; Basket making; Bead work; Brass work; 
Copper work; Embroidery; Furniture; House decoration; 
Leather work; Metal work; Pottery; Silver work; StenciUng; 
Wood carving 



3 



GUIDE AND INDEX 131 

PAGE 

Desk» library desk 

design . D 47* 

design and construction D 184-187* 

wood finish D 237 

mission style writing desk, design C 375* 

writing desk, design D 50* 

Desk pad 

copper fittings, making M 122-124* 

leather, design and making D 335-338* 

Desk sets 

copper M 117-129* 

pen and ink trays, gouge work C 258-264* 

Dessert 

combinations for food value H 259 

Deutzia 

characteristics G 256 

Devil*s snuff box A 87 

Dibber G 47* 

Dies (Metal work) 

making M 206-208 

Diet 

carbohydrates H 248-252, 277 

chemical properties H 249 

giving undue concern to . H 244-247 

ideal, objection to H 261 

principles of H 246-263 

protems H 248-252, 277 

See also Food 

Digestion. See Diet 

Digitalis 

made from foxglove A 57 

Dining-room H 160-187 

care of H 51, 160-171 

furniture 

arrangement D 61 

design D 53-57* 

ideal H 187 

plan in the model house D 9 

work, setting and serving the table H 160-171 

Dirigible balloons B 162 

Dish washing 

cloths, care of H 184 

decanters and bottles ...... H 183 

egg stains, removing H 183 

glasses H 180 

preparation of dishes H 179 

process . H 179-185 

rinsing dishes H 182 

silver H 181 

steel knives H 184 

wiping and putting away H 52, 182-184 



132 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Dish washing — Continued 

without running water H 178 

Disinfectants 

use in plumbing H 218 

Ditch drains. See Drainage 

Dividers (Tools) 

forging M 340-341* 

using in metal working M 5*, 24* 

Diving K 238* 

girls as divers K 320 

Dixie's land (Game) K 345 

Dock, yellow 

class and seed time G 278 

Dogs 

as friends K 187 

bathing K 188 

boarding dogs as a business A 237-238 

profits from A 239 

breeds K 187-188 

farm dogs A 106 

feeding A 238, K 188 

puppies A 224 

fleas K 188, 189 

house, working drawing of a toy house C 42* 

housing K 188 

punishing K 189 

raising A 223-226 

story of success in A 235-240 

selecting a pet K 187-188 

training A 249-252, K 189-192 

for cattle herding A 250, 251 

for hunting K 190-192 

for retrieving A 250 

for running machinery A 255-256 

Dog's tooth violet 

characteristics G 342 

Dogwood 

characteristics C 503, G 356 

Doilies 

Irish crochet edge N 335* 

Doll's clothes 
cap 

crocheted N 320-321* 

knitted N 362* 

cape, knitted N 360* 

hug-me-tight, crocheted N 321-323* 

jacket, knitted N 360-362 

leggings, knitted N 363* 

See also Dressmaking; Sewing 

Doll's furniture 

bed fittings . . , , N 50-56* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 133 

PAGE 

Doll's Furniture — Continued 

cigar box trunk H 12 

pasteboard box for bed H 11, 12 

Domestic Animals 

books about A 517 

raising A 100-202 

for pets A 203-240 

See also Cat ; Cow ; Dog ; Horse ; Pigeon ; Poultry ; Sheep ; 
Swine 

Domestic Economy. See Housekeeping 

Door handles 

metal work M 406, 407, 416* 

Door hasp 

forging M 338-340* 

Door knockers 

escutcheon plate M 410,* 412-414 

iron metal work M 410-415* 

Door pulls 

metal work M 415* 

Doors 

batten door C 448* 

electric door opener E 55* 

frames, setting C 469 

hanging C 474 

inside trim C 473* 

paneled C 354-355, 528-530* 

saddles C 474 

Dough. See Bread; Pastry 

Dovetail joints C 253*, 256*, 313-314* 

Dowel bit. C 194 

Dowel for weaving N 297 

Dowel joints C 251* 

Dowehng D 134 

Dracenas 

window box plant G 193 

Drafting. See Mechanical drawing 

Dragon-flies 

habits A 388 

Drainage 

ditch buildmg . G 123 

grading and digging G 114 

pipe, depth laid G 111 

problem for garden plot G 110-122 

"sighting" for drop and bed level G 112-114 

sloping land G 17 

standing water G 21 

stones for trough, setting G116 

tiles, laying G 115 

types of drains G 22 

wooden troughs, disadvantage of G 115 

Drainage, House. See Plumbing; Refrigerator 



134 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Draught 

of open fires H 224 

principle of stoves and ranges H 227-230 

Draw knife C 216* 

Draw plate 

definition of M 209 

Drawer pulls 

metal work M 417-419* 

Drawing 

designing a corner for stencil work Dill 

designs for block printing D 100-101* 

how to enlarge or reduce a drawing C 390, B 339 

outline drawing for stencil work D 112 

See also Mechanical drawing 

Drawing board 

making C 24*, 381-383* 

Drawing instnunents 

making a box for C 240* 

making a mechanical drawing outfit C 381-398 

Drawnwork N 207-226* 

all-over . N 213-220* 

Bulgarian weaving patterns N 222-226* 

butterfly pattern N 220-222* 

convent work N 213-216* 

daisy pattern ^ N 219* 

feather stitch N 212* 

filling spaces N 219 

frames for N 222 

handkerchiefs N 213-219* 

maltese cross N 219 

Mexican N 211* 

sheaf stitch N 211* 

soaping threads N 213 

twist stitch N 212* 

See also Fagotting; Hardanger embroidery; Hemstitching 

Dress. See Clothing and dress 

Dresser. See Bureau 

Dressmaking 

bands, cutting N 64 

bias bands, cutting N 65 

box plaits N 71 

collars 

cutting N 64 

fastening to waist N 70 

cuffs 

cutting N 64 

sewing on sleeves N 68 

cutting from a pattern N 63-67* 

frills, cutting N 64 

patterns 

allowing for seams N 65 




GUIDE AND INDEX 135 

^ , . . PAGE 

Dressmaking patterns — Continued 

cutting doll's skirt from "^ N 42* 

cutting from N 63-67 

drawing and cutting j^ 41* 

notches and perforations N 66 

pinning material on N 66-67* 

plaiting skirt N 71-72* 

seams, tailored N 72 

skirts 

bands N 39*, 44 

basting seams N 42 

cutting from a pattern N 42, 63-64* 

hemming N 36, 43 

plackets and gussets . N 35-40*, 43 

plaiting N 71-72* 

putting on the bands N 44 

sleeves 

cutting N 64 

gathering N 69* 

putting into waist N 70* 

putting together N 68* 

waists 

cutting N 64 

cutting from pattern N 67* 

joining seams N 69 

See also Sewing 
Driftwood 

gathering A 405 

Drilling and boring tools 

draw boring C 415* 

drills for copper and silver M 9* 

forging and tempering rock drills ....... M 344-349* 

forging hand drills M 347-349* 

kinds and their uses C 193-198* 

Driveways of ashes G 77 

Drowning 

method of rescue from K 239 

Dry cleaning 

delicate and light-colored articles H 332 

Duck on a rock (Game) K 345 

Ducks 

book about A 517 

brooders . . A 193 

characteristics A 192 

feeding ducklings A 192 

how to select for cooking H 271 

marketing A 191 

raising A 190-193 

ducks versus chickens A 191-192 

story of a boy's animal cage A 235 

varieties K 181 



136 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

D ucks — Continued 

water not essential for raising A 190-191 

wood ducks, domesticating A 462* 

Duplicating machine B 416 

Dusting 

bedroom H 53 

floors H 125 

house cleaning process H 145 

little services H 51 

opening the house H 352 

Dutch collar 

Irish crochet N 346-350* 

Dutch oven K 81 

Dyeing 

colors, how to obtain D 278-279 

hints D 277-278 

lace N 238 

Dynamometer B 324* 

Dynamos E 3-9 

alternating current E 21-24 

batteries replaced by E 249-250 

construction of a simple dynamo E 222-225* 

definition of E 19 

efficiency E 5-Q 

field E 9, 11-13 

generating electricity E 9-10 

how a dynamo generates both direct and alternating ciu-rents E 222 

how used as a motor E 45-48 

installing E 225 

load E 105 

magneto E 19-24* 

illustration of use E 21-23 

rate of vibration E 22-23 

use for ringing telephone bells E 287-290* 

principle of a simple dynamo E 11-13* 

producing tones with E 293-295 

series wound E 34* 

shunt wound E 34* 

transmitters not power producers E 7 

See also Armatures 

E 

Earth 

attraction exerted by sun and moon B 229-230 

diameter B 213 

distance from sun and moon B 229-230 

elements B 214 

globular form proved B 212-213* 

rotation B 213, 214 

Eddy kites 

making C 86* 

Edging. See Crocheting; Irish crochet 



GUIDE AND INDEX 137 

PAGE 

Edison, Thomas A. 

discovery of carbon filaments E 134 

new storage battery E 262-263 

Eggplant 

cooking preparation H 294 

parasites on G 304 

planting seed . G 304 

indoor planting time G 233 

time to plant G 234 

seed, germination per cent G 233 

soil for G 304 

transplanting G 304 

Eggs 

cooking, preparation for H 288 

ducks' eggs A 192 

fancy breed eggs A 221 

food value H 254 

gold fish eggs A 229 

Guinea fowl, value of A 179 

insect eggs A 393 

judging freshness of H 271 

marketing A 158 

pheasant eggs, packing A 199 

preserving 

for winter use A 177-178 

yolks in water H 357 

record for laying hens A 157 

selecting for sitting hens A 148 

separating yolks from whites H 288 

stains 

removing H 183 

See also Poultry 

Egyptian Pyramids B 54-56 

Elderberries 

canning, receipt A 16 

picking A 15 

steam pudding, receipt A 16 

Electric annunciators 

construction and operation . . . . _ E 68-71* 

Electric apparatus and appliances 

using electricity to aid the memory E 301-304 

See also Armatures; Clocks; Dynamos; Telegraph; Telephone; 
Vacuum cleaners; and words beginning Electric 

Electric armatures. See Armatures 

Electric batteries 

cells, positive and negative plates E 256, 261 

dry cells 

cost E 166 

increase of voltage by increased resistance . E 194-198 

structure . . . ' E 250-251 

use for lighting a summer camp E 162-167* 



138 GUIDE AND INDEX 



PAGE 



Electric batteries — Continued 

electrolytic cells E 257-260 

galvanic cells 

depolarizing agent E 256 

effect of heat on chemical action E 254 

electricity produced by chemical action E 251 

polarization of E 256-257 

replaced by dynamos E 249-250 

simple cell, chemical action E 254-256 

sparking apparatus for a gasolene engine E 178-203* 

storage batteries E 258-263 

Edison battery, construction and care .... E 262-263 

lead, construction and care of E 261-262 

why they run down E 192-194 

Electric bells 

alternating current bells E 288 

equipment and installation in a house E 296-299 

operated by induced current E 350-352 

operated by wireless outfit E 324* 

operation of electric bells and buzzers E 72-75* 

transmitter in wireless telegraph E 321 

Electric buzzer 

operation E 72-73* 

used in electric organ E 278-279 

Electric cars 

electric heaters E 125 

See also Electric railroads 

Electric central station E 204-217* 

Electric cigar lighter E 115* 

Electric circuit breakers E 78* 

Electric circuits 

open and closed E 73 

Electric clocks. See Clocks 

Electric conductors 

copper sulphate E 259 

copper versus iron E 64 

effect of impurities in water E 64 

salt solution E 253. 265 

water E 200 

Electric controllers 

arc lamp feed E 84 

automatic 

air control E 53 

principle of E 49-53* 

elevator switches E 83 

principle of E 17 

See also Electric rheostat 

Electric cooking 

broilers E 114* 

chafing dish E 113* 

coffee percolator E 113* 



GUIDE AND INDEX , 139 

PAGE 

Electric cooking — Continued 

fireless cooker E 128-132*, 308 

hot plate E 110-113* 

oven E 114. 305-308* 

toaster E 115 

traveler's cooker . E 113* 

with incandescent lamps E 127* 

Electric curling iron E 116* 

Electric currents 
alternating 

definition E 31 

for telephone bells E 288 

generation of E 11 

how produced E 21-24 

changing alternating to direct currents E 238-239 

chemical reaction produced by powerful currents . . E 263-264 

decomposition of water E 264 

different currents pass through the same wire E 187 

direct, definition of E 31 

induced current 

by interrupting the circuit E 184 

by moving the magnet E 17-18 

direction of E 186 

experiments E 349-352 

magnetic field about E 353* 

primary and secondary, in spark coils E 184-192* 

produced by chemical action E 251-263 

rectifiers E 238-239 

secondary, voltage E 189-190 

telephone E 287 

Electric engine 

principle of a toy engine E 58* 

Electric flash Ught E 154-155* 

Electric flasher E 120-125* 

Electric fuses E 117* 

"blowing" E 146, 292 

Electric gas lighter E 118-120* 

Electric generators. See Dynamos 

Electric heating 

apartments E 125 

applications E 107-159 

bedroom heater E 126* 

cars E 125 

hot plates versus incandescent lamps E131 

pad E 117 

principle of . E 97-106* 

See also Electric cooking 

Electric hot plate E 110-113* 

Electric incubator E 114 

Electric induction coil 

illustration E 96* 



140 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Electric insulators and insulation E 14 

glass knobs for telephone wires E 290 

Electric iron E 243* 

principle and cost of using E 107-110 

Electric lamps. Arc 

arc lamp feed E 84 

carbons, adjustment E 150-152* 

glass globes, economy of E 150-152 

mechanism E 147-150 

mercury vapor lamp E 155-156* 

Moore light E 156 

search light E 153* 

stereopticon E 153* 

Electric lamps, incandescent 

burglar's flash light E 154-155* 

connecting lamps with the circuit E 142* 

construction E 142-143* 

cooking with E 127* 

current required E 30 

filament 

carbon E 134-135 

life of E 144-145 

making of E 142 

testing E 141 

development of E 132-135* 

metal . E 145-146 

platinum wire E 133 

sizes, measuring E 134 

hylo, use and cost of E 138* 

intensity, comparison of E 137-141 

Nernst lamps E 157 

numbers manufactured E 134 

operating by induced currents E 349-352* 

operating by wireless outfit E 327 

resistance E 29 

of lamps in parallel E 123* 

socket E 143* 

tungsten lamp E 141*, 144, 145 

Electric light 

percentage of waste in producing E 150 

search light E 153* 

Electric light fixtures 

copper lamp M 92-96* 

design D 361-364* 

Electric lighting 

cost E 41, 139-141, 144 

fitting up a summer camp E 160-167 

growth of demand for E 134 

Electric measurements 

units E 37-42* 

ampere E 30 



GUIDE AND INDEX 141 

PAGE 

Electric measurements, units — Continued 

kilowatt hour E 41 

volt E 39 

watt E 39 

Electric meters 

care when closing house H 351 

reading H 239 

See also Ammeter; Voltmeter; Wattmeter 

Electric milking machine E 54 

Electric motors E 43-56 

acting as dynamo E 36 

compared with dynamo E 47-48* 

E. M. F. in motors E 48 

See also Electric controller 

Electric organs E 55, 278-279*, 293-295 

pipe organ . E 44-52 

Electric oven E 114 

automatic control of temperature E 306-308* 

brick, construction E 305-308 

Electric potential 

meaning of difference in potential E 200-202 

Electric power 

conversion of steam into electric energy E 4 

cost in large and small plants E 204 

production of E 3-10 

Electric power distribution 

cost E 210 

distances, power and cost E 210-211 

loss in transmission E 210, 216 

voltage in relation to distances E 211 

Electric power plants 

central stations E 204-205* 

equipping an amateur plant E 220-239 

estimating the capacity E 219 

number and annual output in the United States . . . . E 205 
water power for E 202-217 

Electric pumps 

use of E 51-54 

Electric push buttons E 74-75* 

for elevators E 69-70* 

house bells E 297-299 

Electric railroads 

current controller, principle of E 53 

toy operated by wireless outfit E 325-327* 

what moves the cars E 16 

Electric resistance 

impedance E 285-286 

laws for wires E 120 

of electric lamps E 29 

of lamps in parallel E 123* 

ohmic resistance E 285 



142 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Electric resistance — Continued 

principle of electric heating and lighting E 100-106 

resistance board E 30 

starting box E 48, 81-83* 

telephone circuit E 285-287 

unit, ohm E 91-93 

variation of heat with resistance E 291 

wires, diameters and resistance E 136 

Electric rheostats E 47-49* 

See also Electric controller 

Electric seal A 491 

Electric shock 

conditions necessary E 170 

electric waves E 315 

experiments with spark coil E 196, 198-201, 180-183* 

how it feels E 170-177 

Electric shower bath 

constructing E 244-247* 

Electric soldering iron E 116 

Electric spark coil 

automobile spark coil E 95* 

gasolene engine equipment E 178-203* 

how voltage is raised by the spark coil E 180-183 

jump spark coils E 184 

make and break coils E 183 

primary and secondary E 188-192 

principle E 180-187* 

telephone E 279-281* 

vibrator E 190 

voltage E 191 

wireless telegraph E 321-322* 

with two windings E 187-191* 

Electric spinner E 57* 

Electric switches E 74-75* 

circuit breakers E 78* 

double-pole, single throw E 52* 

Electric thermostat E 124 

for brick oven E 306-308* 

Electric toys 

engine E 58* 

spinner E 57* 

train operated by wireless E 325-327 

Electric transformer 

construction E 212-216* 

illustration E 96* 

magnetic circuit E 214* 

relation of voltage to windings E 215 

step-up and step-down transformer . . E 216 

Electric washing machine 

construction and use E 241-243* 

Electric waves E 309-323 



GUIDE AND INDEX 143 

PAGE 

Electric waves — Continued 

changes in length E 31g 

Hertzian waves E 346 

Electric welding E 158-159 

Electric wires 

diameters . E 135-137 

glass knobs for insulating E 290 

ground wire for wireless telegraph E 321 

resistance 

laws of E 120 

tables E 135-137 

Electric wiring 

use of earth circuit E 290-291 

Electricity 

Ampere's rule E 30-32 

chemical transformer E 256 

doing chores with E 241-243* 

E. M. F., meaning • • -. E 203 

electrical current compared with 

water current E 176, 197-198, 201 

every-day uses, list E 219 

galvanic E 248 

how electricity feels E 170, 177 

medical use E 175 

Ohm's law .... E 92-93 

See also Induction (Electricity); Telegraph; Telephone; Wire- 
less telegraph; also headings beginning Electric and Electro 

Electrocution E 175-176 

of rats E 271-273* 

Electrolysis 

of solutions E 257-261 

of water E 264-266 

Electrolyte E 256 

Electrolytic actions in every-day life E 266-270 

Electrolytic cell E 257-260 

Electromagnet E 11-24 

applications of E 54-96* 

arc lamp control E 148 

construction E 15* 

discovery of ' E 14, 17 

lifting power E 15-16, 79-81 

magnetic intensity E 16 

principle of E 14-15 

strength compared to bar magnets E 16 

use in relay E 322 

Electrometallurgy 

separating iron from ore E 79* 

Electromotive force 

counter electromotive force in motors E 48* 

Electroplating E 259-261 

Elevators 

electric controllers, operation of E 83 



144 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Elevators — Continued 

how annunciators are operated E68-71* 

Elijah and the widow's cruse of oil H 32 

Ellipse, drawing B 210-211*, C 19* 

string and pin method C 112* 

trammel method C 113* 

Elm 

red or slippery elm C 558 

rock or cork elm C 560 

white or American . . . C 559 

Embankments 

retaining wall for riverside B 238-245 

wall for lawn G 74 

Emblems 

bullion embroidery N 155 

Embossing iron M 361 

Embroidery N 98-241* 

bars, twisted and woven N 141* 

blanket stitch N 142* 

bullion stitch N 165-166* 

bullion work N 154-156 

butterfly pattern, drawnwork N 220-222* 

buttonhole and satin stitch design N 166* 

buttonholing N 130-134*, 142-145* 

card case N 183-186* 

cat stitch N 102, 215* 

chain stitch N 99-100* 

cleaning 

washing H 329, N 136-137 

without washing N 379 

collars, Hedebo embroidery N 203* 

combination stitch N 148-154* 

combinations of colors and stitches D 118-119 

compass design N 167-168 

couching stitch N 124* 

cross stitch N 103-106*, 107*, 108* 

daisies N 167, 177-180* 

designs, planning D 118 

drawnwork N 211-226* 

eyelet work N 160-163* 

fagotting N 145-140*, 229* 

feather-stitching N 116-118* 

flower work N 176-189* 

colors N 176 

shading N 179-180 

stems N 180 

French knots N 164-165* 

Hardanger N 190-197* 

Hedebo embroidery 

bars N 204* 

circles N 204-206* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 145 

PAGE 

Embroidery, Hedebo — Continued 

materials for N 202 

triangles N 204* 

hemstitching N 207-210*, 215* 

herring-bone stitch N 101* 

honeycomb stitch N 144* 

hoops N 122-123 

ismet stitch . N 125* 

Kensington stitch N 178-179* 

lace, embroidering on N 180 

ladder stitch N 158-159* 

lazy-daisy stitch N 119-120* 

leaves, shading N 179 

letters N 147-154* 

lingerie hats N 171-174 

long and short stitch N 177* 

monograms N 152-154* 

needles .^ N 121 

outline stitch 

combination stitches N 148-154* 

rough and smooth N 101* 

padding N 99, 130-131, 147-148, 156 

picots N 192*, 194* 

pin cushion top N 193-196* 

pyramid stitch, Hardanger N 195* 

ribbon work. N 181-189* 

card case N 183-186* 

rococo N 181-189* 

Roman cut work N 138-142* 

satin stitch N 147-149*, D 119 

design N 158* 

scalloping N 132-133 

drawing scallops N 135 

seeding N 154* 

shadow embroidery N 125-128* 

silks, when not to use N 157 

skeleton stitch N 381 

smocking N 112-114* 

spider stitch N 142 

stamping patterns N 128-129 

star patterns, Hardanger . . . N191* 

stem stitch . . * N 154 

substitute for N 379* 

suggestions for a girl's room. N 372-381 

threading the needle N 103 

tools . N 121-123 

Turkish stitch N 125* 

Van Dyke stitch N 151* 

Wallachian embroidery N 134-137* 

Emergencies, housekeeping . . K 353-369 

Enamel and enameling M 197-211 



146 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Enamel and Enameling — Coniinved 

backing M 208 

basse-taille M 208 

black spots, removing M 201 

champleve method M 202, 208 

characteristics of enamel M 197 

cloisonne M 201, 209 

finishing M 201 

firing process M 199-201 

muffle furnace for M 199 

on copper D 354-355 

on silver D 355 

placing enamel on metal AI 198 

polishing M 205 

preparing enamel M 197 

tools M 197 

unsoldering M 205 

See also Wood finishing 

Enamel ware 

kitchen utensils H 201 

Endive 

blanching G 305 

planting and transplanting G 305 

seed, time to plant G 234 

winter culture G 305 

Engineering. See Mechanics 

Engines 

external and internal combustion . . B 121-122, 128-130* 387 

oscillating B 333-334* 

parallel motion, mechanism B 332-333* 

speed regulator B 328* 

steam versus gas or oil, advantages B 121 

See also Electric engines; Electric motors; Gasolene motors; 
Horse power; Steam engines; Turbines 

English bind weed (Morning glory) 

class and seed time G 278 

Engraving 

cement M 205 

iron work M 361 

Ensigns, code B 108, 109 

Entomology. See Insects 

Envelope for clippings 

making N 187-189* 

Equestrian polo K 377 

Ermine A 495 

Escallops. See Scallops 

Escutcheon plates M 410,* 412-414 

Etching 

iron work M 362 

Ether (of space) 

chemical waves, effect of E 336 



GUIDE AND INDEX 147 

PAGE 

Ether (of space) — Continued 

development of the universal ether idea E 339-348 

kinds of ether waves E 310-316 

medium for transmitting wave motions E 343 

original meaning E 344 

wave theory, exponents of E 344-346 

waves sent forth by Halley's comet E 333-338 

Evergreens C 535-542 

for hedge *,.... G 82 

landscape gardening G 354 

southern smilax A 54 

See also Pine 

Exercise 

value of K 10-13 

walking K 14-17 

Exhibits, vegetables and flowers G 201-208 

flowers, arrangement G 205 

labeHng G 205 

vegetables 

arrangement G 202, 204 

preparation of G 202 

Eyelet work 

designs for N 163*, 164*, 167-168 

edges of N 169 

lingerie hat N 169* 

making eyelets N 161-162* 

padded eyelets N 162* 

Eyes and hooks 

sewing on N 24-25* 

F 

Face plate 

definition of M 209 

agots 

collecting A 406 

Fagotting 

lace stitches N 229* 

Bermuda fagotting stitch N 145-146* 

Fahrenheit scale B 261 

Fancy work. See Applique; Basket making; Bead work; Braiding; 
Crocheting; Embroidery; Hemstitching; Knitting; Lace mak- 
ing; Needle work; also names of articles, e. g.. Pin case; Sewing 
apron, etc. 

Faraday, Michael 

discovery of magneto-induction E 14, 17 

theory of ether phenomena E 345 

Farm machines 

dog power for running A 255 

Farmers' bulletins 

how to secure A 513 



U8 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Farming. See Dairying; Domestic animals; Drainage; Fertilizers 
and manures; Flower gardening; Forestry; Fruit: Gardening; 
Irrigation; Soils; Trees; Vegetable gardening; Vegetables 

Fashion. See Clothing and dress 

Fat (Game) K 346 

Fats 

food composition and value H 249, 250 

frying fats H 282 

proportion in dicL H 249. 252 

Feather race K 347 

Feather-stitching 

decorations in N 119 

double stitch N 117* 

marking with N 156 

seaweed stitch N 118* 

single stitch N 116* 

threads N 118* 

Feathers 

goose A 189-190 

poultry A 159 

Feed rolls 

mechanism B 316* 

Fences. See Hedges 

Fermentation 

principle of A 414 

Fern dish 

making pottery D 310-313* 

Ferns 

care of, in house G 197 

gathering A 55, 359 

varieties to grow G 198 

Fertilization of plants G 246-248 

Fertilizers and manures 

amount required for poor soil G 18 

hen manure A 143 

leaf mold, making A 421-424 

preparing manure for hotbeds G 108 

sod for compost G 262 

source of nitrogen G 223 

wood ashes A 433 

for strawberries G 94 

See also Humus; Lime; Nitrates; Phosphates; Potash 

Field athletics. See Track athletics 

Field, Cyrus, W. 

and the Atlantic cable E 65 

Figs 

food value H 255 

Files and rasps C 204 

draw filing in copper work M 37 

metal work M 9* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 149 

PAGE 

Filing cabinet 

construction C 358-359* 

drawer designs to represent books C 397* 

for drawings, making C 395-396 

Filling. See Wood finishing 

Finance. See iVccounts; Allowances; Housekeeping; Income 

Finger bowls 

brass work M 133-135* 

use of ... H 172 

Finishing. See Wood finishing 

Fir. See Balsam 

Fire 

mystery of flame H 226 

Fire extinction 

burning grease H 236 

chimneys . . H 234 

Fire making 

camp fires K 67-69 

for cooking K 77-82* 

coal fire H 227-233 

daily care . . ^ H 232 

laying and lighting H 231 

furnace fires H 233 

lighting a fire with kerosene H 231 

open wood fires H 223-227 

See also Ranges 

Fire of coal: story H 37 

Fire screen for metal work M 11* 

Fire tools 

making M 370-379* 

poker, forging M 371* 

shovel, forging M 372* 

stand for, maSdng IM 377-379 

tongs, making M 374-377* 

riveting M 376 

See also Andirons 

Firearms 

shot guns versus rifles for boys K112 

use of K 110-124* 

Fireless cookers 

electric E 128-132*, 308 

Fireplaces 

camp fireplaces K 78-79 

hearth, flue and draught II 223-224 

made of field rock D 371* 

tiles, making D 318-320 

See also Andirons; Fire tools 

Fires 

damage from C 513 

danger from oily cloths H 12 

preventing forest fires A 467-468 



150 GUIDE AND INDEX 



PAGE 



Fireworks 

operated by wireless outfit E 327-328* 

Firing pottery D 299-301* 

Fish 

boiling H 290 

whole H 278 

broiling H 275-276 

cleaning H 289 

to preserve heads and tails H 290 

food value H 250, 253 

combined with vegetables H 259 

frying K 91 

how to select for cooking H 271 

pan fish, meaning K 130 

protecting from natural enemies A 273 

taming A 266 

See aUo Brook trout; Gold fish; Shell fish; Trout 

Fish spears 

forging M 240* 

Fishing K 125-143* 

bait K 130-136* 

bait casting K 137-138 

boats K 140 

fly casting K 130, 134-137* 

gaff K 141 

game fish K 126 

hooks K 128-129* 

landing nets K 141* 

line winder, whittling C 15* 

lines, selection and care K 128, 135 

methods K 129 

qualifications of a successful fisherman K 125 

reels . K 127 

rods, selecting K 127 

rules K 142 

still fishmg K 129, 139-140 

tackle K 126-129* 

time to fish K 141 

trolling K 133*. 139* 

Fixtures. See Electric light fixtures 

Flag (Plant) 

characteristics of dwarf flag G 334 

Flags 

yacht signal code . B 107-109 

Flannels 

washing H 324, 328 

Flash light 

burglar's E 154-155* 

Flat irons. See Electric iron 

Fleece. See Goats; Sheep 

Flemish oak stain D 231 



GUIDE AND INDEX 151 

PAGE 

Fletcher, Horace 

theory of food chewing K 10 

Fleur-de-lis. See Iris 

Flicker 

bird house for * C 219 

Flies 

book about A 519 

breeding places A 476-477 

danger to health A 475 

development from the egg A 393-395 

exterminating A 475-478 

Floating heart 

characteristics G 366 

Floors 

building 

estimating lumber for octagon or hexagon ... C 507-509 

for model house D 28 

for summer house C 417 

laying floors C 471 

setting beams C 470 

carpets versus rugs for H 125 

cement floors for poultry house A 137 

color scheme in house decoration D16 

cleaning appliances H 142 

dusting H 125 

finish for wood floor H 192 

kitchen floors and floor coverings H191 

polishing H 126 

refinishing H 127 

waxed floors, polishing H 126 

See also Carpets; Matting; Rugs; Strength of materials; 
Vacuum cleaner 

Floral decoration 

backgrounds D 89-90 

color scheme D 84-86 

combinations D 83 

dining table D 91-92 

garden method D 83 

grouping D 82 

holders and vases D 86-89* 

Japanese idea D 81 

principles of arrangement D 93-94 

wild flowers, decorative value A56 

Flour 

cleansing qualities H 332 

food value H 254 

Flower basket 

weaving G 61-64* 

Flower embroidery. See Embroidery 

Flower gardening G 315-335 

annuals G 328-331 



152 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Flower gardening, annuals — Continued 

blooming after frest G 330 

arrangement of plants G 317 

background plants G 317, 320, 321 

bedding plants G 323 

biennials G 322 

border plants G 137, 321 

climbing annuals: table G 331 

color scheme G 315, 361 

cut flowers: tables G 329, 333 

drills, making G 156 

establishing a nursery business in California A 94-99 

formal garden 

border G 152 

color scheme G 154 

diagram of G 153 

gradation of plants G 151, 152 

staking plots and paths G 154, 155 

straight lines in G 357 

fragrant flowers: tables G 330, 333 

girls' work . . ; G 151-164 

hardy and self-sowing plants G 316-321 

house plants G 196-198, H 139 

informal gardens G 358 

insect pests G 199, 293 

location of garden G 361 

perennials G 333-335 

potted plants G 180-200 

drainage G 172, 183-185 

pests, remedy G 199 

pots, cleaning G 184 

potting process G 186-187 

soil G 171, 183-185 

transplanting G 181-182 

watering G 199 

profit in 

selling flowers G 373 

selling seeds G 371-372 

selling young plants G 370-371 

rock garden G 324-326 

round beds, making G 136-137 

school grounds G 82-84 

screening unsightly places G 362 

selection of flowers for landscape effect G 361 

self-sowing annuals: table G 331 

shady places, annuals for: table G 331 

slipping plants G 188-190 

soU, annuals that suit heavy or sandy soUs .... G 328-329 

succession in bloom by montlis G 316, 364 

time table G 161 

topping plants G 199 



GUIDE AND INDEX 153 

PAGE 

Flower gardening — Continued 

See also Bulbs; Gardening; Vines; Wild flower gardening; 
Window boxes; also names of special flowers, e. g.. Chrysan- 
themum; Larkspur; Pansy 

Flower missions A 62 

Flowers 

collections, labeling K 156 

preparation and mounting K 155 

cut flowers 

annuals for G 329, 333 

care of H 160 

honey or pollen producing A 322 

jardiniere for, making G 66-68* 

pistils and stamens .... * G 246-247 

propagating wild flowers A 467 

protecting wild flowers A 465-467 

supplying city children with wild flowers A 61 

water and bog plants G 366 

See also Floral decoration; Flower gardening; Plants; W^ild 
flower gardening; Window box; also names of special flowers, 
e. g., Lily 

Flues 

cleaning H 234 

purpose of H 224 

See also Chimney 

Flux 

definition of M 209 

iron and steel M 221 

use of, in welding M 247 

Fly casting K 134-137* 

Flymg 

theory of ... B 195-197 

Flying machines 

glider B 179 

heavier than air and lighter than air types .... B 162-163 
See also Aeroplanes; Balloons 

Fobs. See Watch fobs 

Foliage plants G 324 

Follow the leader (stump master) K 387 

Food 

ash, meaning of H 249 

carbohydrates H 248 

combinations H 257-261 

condensed, harmful H 261 

fats . , H 219 

non-nourishing, value of H 260 

pre-digested, harmful H 261 

proportion of income to be used for food H 74, 78 

protein H 248 

refuse, meaning H ^^^ 

values H 247-257 



154 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Food — Continued 

experiments of United States Government . . . H 250 

variety essential H 249, 262 

See also Cookery; Diet; Fish; Fruit; Marketing; Meat; Veg- 
etables; also names of special foods, e. g.. Bread; Macaroni, 
etc. 

Football* K 267-283*, 348-350 

association or soccer K 269, 331 

captain K 273 

centre rush, qualifications K 270, 272 

dangers of the game K 267 

'Mown" K 275, 281, 349 

drop kick K 272, 349 

ends, qualifications K 270, 273 

field goal K 276, 349 

full-back, qualifications K 272, 273 

goals, choosing K 276 

gridiron K 273*, 274, 348 

half-back, qualifications K 271, 273 

kicking off K 276, 281 

line-up diagram K 268, 270* 

players, weight and size K 270 

playing the game K 274-276, 348 

positions of players K 269, 349 

punt K 349 

quarter-back, qualifications K 270, 273 

Rugby K 269 

rules K 280-283 

rushing the ball K 275 

"safety" K 282 

scores K 276, 281-282, 348 

scrimmage K 281 

season K 267 

shoes K 280* 

signals K 277-279 

tackles, qualifications K 270, 273 

team, organization K 269-273 

team work K 273-274 

touchdown K 275, 349 

training K 283 

uniform K 279-280*, 350 

Foot bridge. See Bridge building 

Foot pound B 123 

Foot stools 

designs and construction C 291-300* 

mission style, design C 374-375* 

Forest fires 

damage from C 513 

preventing A 466-468 

Forestry 

book about A 516 



GUIDE AND INDEX 155 

PA6E 

Forestry — Continued f 

conservation Q 519 

value of forests C 514-516 

waste timber problems A 406 

See also Lmnber and Imnbering; Trees; Wood lots 

Forge 

bellows M 216* 

building fire in M 217-218 

construction M 216 

draught systems M 227-229 

explosion, danger of M 229 

portable forge M 222-223* 

draught system M 228 

tuyere M 216 

Forget-me-not 

characteristics G 365, 366 

Forging 

bending M 236 

bending comer in iron M 271-273* 

bolts M 240-244* 

butcher knife . M 354-357* 

crow bar M 352* 

dividers, pair of M 340-341* 

door hasp M 338-340* 

eccentric strap M 334* 

fish-spear M 240* 

fork, two pronged M 239* 

garden hoe M 335-337* 

gate hooks M 236-238* 

grub hoe M 328-330* 

hand drills M 347-349* 

hand hammers M 316-322* 

harness hooks M 238* 

heating steel M 290 

hmge and butt M 283-285* 

ice-shaver M 327* 

nail puller or claw tool M 353* 

nuts M 244-246* 

oxidizing fire M 233 

pipe method M 333 

pitchfork M 239* 

punching holes M 245* 

reducing fire M 233 

rock drills M 344-349* 

shackles M 349-352* 

sockets for wire ropes M 281-283* 

stake pin M 233-235* 

staples M 235-236* 

steel hook M 2G6-271* 

stone chisels and picks ^I 341-344* 

tongs, iron M 287-288* 



156 GUroE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Forging — Continued 

turn buckles M 330-334* 

upsetting 

bolts M Ul* 

definition M 315 

rings M 249 

wood chisel M 337-338 

wrenches of steel M 273-281* 

See aho Blacksmithing; Iron work; ^Yelding 

Formal garden G 151-155, 357 

Fors^'thia 

selection principles G 37 

Foundations 

boat house B 36 

cellar C 459 

concrete 

box mold for C 430, 458* 

bracing C 460* 

leveling C 460 

pergola foundation C 426-433 

setting columns C 435 

setting wooden frame C 435, 458 

thickness of wall C 459 

depth for houses ... C 458-459 

house building D 25-28* 

posts 

for small buildings C 443 

setting . . . ^ D 26-28* 

setting and leveling C 413-417* 

Four o'clock 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 

Fowl. See Poultry 
Fox 

book about the silver fox A 517 

Foxglove 

biennial G 322 

characteristics G 333, 334, 347, 365 

digitalis made from A 57 

sowing and blossoming time G161 

Fragrant herbs and grasses A 64 

Frames. See Picture frames 

Framing. See House framing; Picture frames 

Francis of Assisi, Saint 

stories about H 25 

FrankliQ, Benjamin 

kite fl^-ing B 186 

Fraternity pillows N 376 

French chalk for dry cleaning H 332, 360 

French hem N 21 

French knots 

letter outlining N 150 



GUIDE AND INDEX 157 

PAGE 

French knots — Continued 

needle for N 166 

working N 164* 

French seal A 501 

Fresnel, Augustin Jean 

theory of light wave E 345 

Fringe 

knotting fringe . N 275-277* 

raflSa N 274 

Frogs 

taming A 266 

Fruit 

food values H 255 

selection of, for food H 271 

washing H 295 

See also names of fruits, e. g., Apple; Grape; Orange, etc. 

Fruit trees 

budding G 251-253 

distance to plant G 258 

protecting fruit from birds A 461 

seeds versus grafting G 257-258 

See also Grafting 

Frying 

fats for H 282 

methods H 281 

Fuchsias 

bedding plants G 324 

Fuel 

blacksmith's fuels M 229 

refuse timber A 406 

See also Coal 

Fulcrum 

principle of ... B 21-28* 

Fullering. See Blacksmithing 

Fumed oak and chestnut, process D 233 

Fungi 

shelf fungi A 62 

See also Mushrooms 

Fur 

dry cleaning H 332 

packing H 347 

See also Ermine; Mink; Mole; Muskrat; Rabbit; Sable; Seal; 
Skins; Skunk; Weasel 

Furnace 

draughts and dampers 11 227-230 

gas and oil for heating steel M 290 

house furnace, management and cleaning H 233 

muffle furnace for enameling M 199 

Furniture 
antique 

mahogany table refinished 1^ 241-243 



158 GUIDE AND INDEX 



PAGE 



Furniture, antique — Co?itinued 

re-finishing D 238-243 

bedroom D 57-58* 

beds, designs D 60*, 373* 

box furniture, making C 476-478* 

care of furniture and fittings H 121-145 

castors. Acme pin D 193 

concrete furniture, making D 201-209* 

covers for H 348 

decorative value D 46 

dining-room D 53-57* 

enameling white D 235 

evolution of C 291-292 

hall furniture D 47-50* 

kitchen furniture H 193-199 

living room D 50-53* 

outdoor C 408-416*, D 198-211* 

designing, principles of D 200 

painted, cleaning H 134 

polish H 133, 162 

renovating D 238-239 

rustic D 209-211* 

woods for A 410, KlOl-102 

selection for use and beauty H 115-120 

upholstered, cleaning H 132, 332 

See also Book case; Book rack; Carpentry and Woodwork — 
Problems; Chairs; Desk; House decoration; Stains and 
staining; Tables; Tabourette; Wood; Wood carving; Wood 
finishing 
Furrows. See Gardening 

Fusee, principle of B 80* 

Fuses. See Electric fuses 

G 

Gaging lumber C 186, 188 

Gaillardia 

characteristics G 332, 335 

sowing and blossoming time G161 

Gained or housed joints C 255* 

Galileo, Galilei 

barometer invention B 256 

Galloway, Beverly T. 

back yard swimming pool A 282-286 

Galvani, Luigi 

production of electric currents by chemical action . . . . E 248 

Galvanic electricity E 248 

Galvanized iron E 248 

soldering M 44 

Galveston sea wall . B 247 

Gambling in housekeeping expenditures H 70 



GUIDE AND INDEX 159 

Game and game birds 

cooking in camp K 89, 90 

creating a private game preserve A 464-465 

domesticating wild game A 461-464 

protecting A 463 

wild rice food for A 78 

See also Bantams; Guinea fowl; Pheasants 

Games 

list of one hundred games K 326-328 

See also Archery; Base ball; Camping; Canoeing; Coasting; 
Fishing; Football; Golf; Hockey; Hunting; Skating; Ski- 
ing; Swimming; Tennis; also names of games, e. g.. Croquet; 
Marbles, etc. 

Garbage 
can 

cleaning H 110, 221 

location H 221 

disposal of H 220 

in country H 222 

Garden club 

election of officers G 14 

exhibits G 201-208 

reports on garden plots secured G 3-12 

vote to aid Oldfield Centre school grounds G 14 

vote to disbar girls G 16 

Garden hockey K 350 

Garden paths 

materials and making G 358 

Garden pests. See Insect pests 

Gardening 

city back yard G 23, 134-141 

compost pile G 262 

drills, making G 156 

exhibits G 201-208 

furrows, making G 264*, 266-267 

hill, meaning of G 116 

hoeing G 266 

indoor experiments G 28-40 

money-making garden G 368-376 

selling garden fittings G 372-373 

plan, drawing G 43-47* 

paper plan for garden plots G 261 

preparing new plot G 261-263 

pricking out plants G 100 

raking G 266 

rows, direction to plant G 260 

rubbish, removing from new site G 263 

site for a garden, choosing G 259-261 

sowing seeds G 268 

spading . .^ G 263-265 

success, principles of ^ ^"^ 



160 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Gardening — Continued 

succession crops G 92 

thinning seedlings G 268 

transplanting G 101-102, 118, 268-270 

trenching G 26^-265* 

work shop end of the garden G 41-71* 

See also Coldi'rame; Drainage; Fertilizers and manures; Flower 
gardening; Herbs; Hotbeds; Insect pests; Landscape garden- 
ing; Lawns; Plant food; Plants; School grounds; Seedi Soils; 
Vegetable gardening; Vegetables; Vines; Weeds 

Gardening — Tools and appliances 

bulb flat, making G 61* 

dibber G 47* 

flower basket, weaving G 61-64* 

good versus poor tools G 89-90 

hoe, how to use G 107 

labels for plants, making G 58* 

measurements on tool handles G 156 

plant jardiniere G 66-68* 

pot rest G 68-71* 

reel, making G 51* 

sieve, making G 59-61 

spades, how to use G 88 

stake, making G 50* 

sundial, makmg G 64-66* 

Gareth 

service in the king's kitchen H 20 

Garlic, wild 

class and seed time G 278 

Garret playhouse H 5 

Gas and oil engines 

compared with steam engines B 121, E 179 

construction and fuel supply B 128-130 

cylinder, what takes place in E 178 

water supply, quantity B 130 

See also Gasolene motors 

Gas furnace 

heating steel M 290 

Gas lighter. Electric E 118-120* 

Gas lighting 

average bill for careful families H 76 

Gas meters 

reading H 238 

Gas range 

baking bread in H 283 

cleaning H 235 

fire from fat, extinguishing H 236 

lighting H 234 

Gasolene 

composition B 104 

danger of explosion B 104 



GUIDE AND INDEX 161 

PAQE 

Gasolene automobiles. See Automobiles 

Gasolene launch. See Boat building; Launch 

Gasolene motors 

action B 388 

automobile frames, construction B 396-401* 

carbureter B 95* 

description and dimensions B 95* 

exhaust pipe B 97-98, 103 

expansion chamber ..;... B 98 

four-stroke cycle B 388-391* 

installing in launch B 93-95 

motive power, how obtained B 388 

motor-cycle, principle B 387-388 

muffler . ^ B 97-98 

multiple cylinders B 393 

petcock . J B 99 

pipe joints, finishing ', B 102 

power, developing B 105-107 

single cylinder B 391, 394* 

sparking B 105-106 

electric equipment for E 178-203 

stationary 

foundations B 100-102 

location B 99 

vibration, avoiding B 100-102 

stopping the engine B 104 

suction and overflow pipes B102 

tank, setting B 102 

testing new engine B 111 

two-cylinder B 392* 

two-stroke cycle B 388 

vertical B 391 

water jacket B 110 

water supply B 103-104 

Gate hooks 

forging M 236-238* 

Gearing. See Mechanical movements 

Geese 

book about A 517 

breeds A 189. K 181 

domesticating wild geese A 463 

fattening for market A 189 

feathers, plucking A 189-190 

feeding and caring for goslings A 188 

food value H 253 

how to select for cooking H 271 

raising A 188-190 

setting eggs A 188 

Genista 

indoor plant G 197 

Georgia pine. See Pine 



162 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Geraniums 

bedding plant G 323 

slipping . ^ G 188-190 

wild geranium G 342 

window box plant G 193 

Germination of seeds. See Seeds 

Gifts 

playthings outgrown H 10 

spent in advance, offense of H 70 

the tenth of your income H 81 

Gilding 

lettering name on boat B 131 

Gimlet bit C 194*. 196 

Ginger root 

use of A 58 

Girders, wooden 

strength of materials B 45 

Girls' clubs. See Clubs 

Girls 

outdoor sports for K 318-325 

Girl's room 

color scheme N 375, 378, 379 

cretonne versus linen for fmnishings N 373 

curtains N 380-381 

stenciling furnishings N 377 

wall decorations N 377 

window seat N 374 

Gu-l's secret G 25-27 

Glass 

cutting with a wheel cutter D 196 

for lamp shade M 400 

kitchen utensils H 203 

leaded glass, soldering D 196-197* 

polishing H 134 

washing H 180 

Glider fl}dng machine B 179 

Glove box. See Boxes 

Gloves 

cleaning chamois gloves H 331 

Glue 

preparing and using C 225 

See also Carpentry 

Gnomon 

making B 209 

Goat 

age, telling A 111 

Angora 

commercial value A 114 

fleece A 109, 114 

book about A 517 

common goat, advantages of A 114-116 



GUIDE AND INDEX 163 

PAGE 

Goat — Continued 

feeding A 111-113 

housing A 109, 113 

kid, care of A 111 

market value A 117 

milk, value A 115 

products A 110 

profit from A 107-108 

raising A 107-118 

experiment in New England A 116-118 

rate of increase A 115 

selecting for a herd A 110 

space needed A 109, 114 

value in reclaiming land A 116-118 

water supply A 109 

Goat skin 

for leather work N 84* 

Godetia 

characteristics G 322, 329, 331 

Gold fish 

age .... A 227 

book about A 517 

characteristics A 226 

color of young A 231 

diseases A 232 

eggs, care of A 229 

enemies A 233 

food A 228, 231 

habits A 228 

hospital A 232 

making an aquarium K 160-162 

raising for profit A 228-233 

rearing tank A 228, 230 

spawning pond A 229 

storage tank A 231 

training A 227 

winter tank A 232 

Golden bell 

characteristics G 355 

Golden glow 

characteristics G 334, 365 

Golden oak finish D 230 

Golden seal 

value A 57 

Golf K 206-300*, 351-354 

addressing K 297* 

bogie score K 300 

caddy K 352 

clubs K 200*. ^\5i 

course K '£[){], r>51 

hole K 297, 351 



164 GUIDE AND EsDEX 

PAGE 

Golf — Continued 

links K 3-53 

plaj-ing the game K 332 

putting K 300 

green K 297, 352 

scoring K 298, 300 

tee K 297 

Golf-croquet K 3o4 

Gong. See Brass work — bell 

Gophers 

destroying A 493 

Gouge 

blacksmith's tool M 225 

sharpening C 179-1S4* 

woodworker's tool C 258-260* 

Governors (Machinery; 

gjToscope governor B 335* 

steam engine B 313-316*, 329 

Grafting 

cleft grafting G 257-258 

impro\'ing stock G io^-ioS 

occupation for boys A -i09* 

scion and stock d io^-i56 

season for G 255 

tongue grafting G 256 

wax making G ioQ 

whip grafting G 256-257 

Grain 

food value 11 250, 254 

See also Com 

Grandfather's clock 

making C 284-290* 

Granite for roadway G 85 

Grape 

food value H 255 

green grape jelly, receipt A 15 

wild grapes 

picking A 14 

jelly receipt A 15 

Grape juice 

book about A 518 

food value A 417 

makmg A 418^21 

Grass seed 

kind for rapid growth G 76 

preparing the soil G 74-76 

sowing G 77 

Grass stain 

remo\'ing H 359 

Grasses 

baaketry uses A 64 



GUIDE AND INDEX 165 

PAGE 

Grasshoppers 

distinguishing young from old A 393 

garden pests , G 282 

Grates. See Fireplaces 

Gravel 

road beds G 85 

See also Cement walks 

Graver 

definition of M 209 

Gravitation 

definition E 341 

laws of B 277-280 

principle of B 57-59 

Gravity 

acceleration, meaning of B 278 

force, meaning of B 277 

specific gravity, meaning of B 279-280 

Grease spots 

removing H 360 

Greek cross C 322 

Greens (Cookery) 

dandelion greens A 63 

Greens, Christmas A 50-57 

Grinding machine 

edge runners or chasers for crushing B 336* 

Grindstones 

grinding tools with C 181-184* 

principle of B 28 

types and uses C 181* 

Grosbeak, rose-breasted 

insect destroyer A 457 

migration K 176 

Grounds. See School grounds 

Grouse 

book about A 519 

Guests 

entertainment of H 366-369 

Guinea fowl 

book about A 517 

characteristics A 179, 181-182 

eggs, value A 179 

feeding A 180 

marketing A 179, 181 

raising A 180-182 

Guinea pigs 

as pets ^ -^ ^^^ 

making a house for C 451-454* 

raising for pets A 205 

See also Cavies 

Gum. See Spruce gum 



166 GUIDE AXD IXDEX 

PAGE 

Gum tree 

sweet gum, red gum, or liquid amber C 56i 

Gun. See Firearms; Rifles; Shotgun 

Gussets. See Sewing 

GjTnnastics 

outdoor life versus gjTmaastics Kll 

pull up bar, making C 270* 

GjToscope 

applied to aeroplanes B 169 

Bohnenberger's machine B 3S4* 

construction of B 261-26S* 

mechanism B 334* 

H 

Hab-enihan (Game) K 354 

Hacmatack C 530 

HaU 

formation B 363-366 

Halev over (Game) K 355 

Halibut 

food value H 253 

HaU clock 

design and construction D 193-198* 

Hall furniture D 47-50* 

Halley's comet 

ether waves sent forth by E 333-338 

Halley's thermometer B 261 

Halved joints C 253* 

Ham. See Pork 

Hamburg steak H 268 

Hammer 

adze eye claw hammer C 203* 

claw hammer C 203* 

cross {>een hammer, making M 316-318* 

hand hammer M 224* 

handles, making C 271* 

hard wood p>eg for copper work M 28 

peen M 254* 

planishing hammer M 8* 



t 



raising hammer M 



round peen hammer, making M 318-322* 

set hammer M 225*. 323* 

shaping hammer M 7* 

Hammocks 

making couch hanmiocks C 478-480* 

Hand baU K 355 

Hand polo K 356 

Hand tennis K 356 

Handkerchief 

drawnwork N 213-219* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 167 

PAGE 

Handkerchief — Continued 

hemstitching N 207-209* 

rolling the edge j^ 21* 

Handkerchief box. See Boxes 

Handles 

wooden, making Q gyj* 

See also Copper work; Metal work 

Hands 

removing stains K 357 

Hardanger embroidery N 190-197* 

bars, weaving N 192 

block stitch N 190-191* 

materials N 190 

picots N 192*, 194* 

pin cushion tops N 193-196* 

pyramid stitch N 195* 

star pattern N 191* 

Hardening metals. See Steel 

Hardie 

blacksmith tool M 226* 

making M 322* 

Hardy plants 

meaning G 317 

Hare 

"varying'* hare A 499-500 

Hare and homids K 17 

Harebell, Carpathian 

characteristics G 334 

Harrowing G 124 

Harvesting natm'e's crops A 8-100 

Haskins, Charles Waldo 

How to keep household accounts, recommended .... H 99 

Hat 

baby's buttoned hat N 174-175 

how to select a hat D 125 

lingerie hat N 169*, 171-174 

raffia hats N 262-270 

for doll N 253-255 

Hat ball K 357 

Hat pin 

copper work D 348-350*, M 64-69 

Hat pin holder 

copper work M 69-71* 

Hatchet handle 

making C 271* 

Haws (fruit) 

location and uses A 24 

Hawthorne, Nathani( I 

quotation H 43 

Hawthorne, English 

characteristics . G 360 



168 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Hayes, Ruth , 

success with chickens A 160-163 

Hazel nut 

cultivating A 33-34 

for fence hedge A 34 

gathering time A 35 

pruning bushes A 35 

Health. See Hygiene 

Hearth 

meaning H 224 

Heat 

British thermal unit E 100-101 

calorie and caloric, meaning E 342 

generation E 98-100 

transmission by radiation E 314 

waves 

length E 316 

production and velocity E 313-315 

theory E 343 

Heating 

automatic control of temperature E 306-308* 

regulation by electric flasher E 120-125* 

See also Electric heating; Fuel; Furnace; Steam radiators 

Hedebo embroidery N 202-206* 

Hedges 

hazel bush A 34 

poplar versus evergreen G 82 

shrubs for G 357 

Helianthus 

background plant G 320 

sowing and blossoming time G161 

Helicoptere flying machine B 163 

Heliotrope 

bedding plant G 324 

characteristics of winter plant G 333 

Hellebore, white 

insecticide G 117, 285 

Hemlock 

characteristics C 539 

Hemming. See Sewing ^^ 

Hemp ropes. See Ropes <9^| \ 

Hemstitching ^/B *' 

double hemstitching N 210* 

handkerchiefs N 207-209* 

padded N 215-216* 

Hen coops. See Poultry- 
Hen manure. See Fertilizers and manures 

Henry, Joseph 

first to make electro-magnets E 14 

Hens. See Poultry 



1 



• 



GUIDE AND INDEX 169 

PAGE 

Hepatica 

blossoming time G 339 

habits and characteristics G 339, 364 

Herbarium K 155 

Herbs 

bee balm G 347 

for basket weaving and sachets . . A 64 

in colonial gardens G 326 

list of G 327 

soil for G 326 

uses G 326 

Hero engine B 114* 

Herring 

food value H 253 

Herring-bone 

embroidery stitch N 101* 

Hertz, Heinrich 

discovery of electric waves . . E 346 

Hertzian waves E 346 

Hewitt, Peter Cooper 

inventor of mercury vapor lamp E156 

Hexagon 

problem in estimating lumber for hexagon 

floor C 508 

Hickory 

characteristics A 30-40, C 564 

food value of nuts H 256 

lumber value A 39 

varieties A 40 

Hide and seek K 361 

Hides. See Skins 

High kick K 357 

Hinges 

cooper or brass, metal work M 116* 

copper or silver, metal work M 100-106* 

iron hinge and butt, making M 283-285* 

ornamental, making M 391-393* 

riveting M 114* 

setting C 239 

Hives. See Bees 

Hockey 

forward ^ 214 

garden hockey K 350 

goal tender K 214 

ice hockey K 212-215*. 858 

lawn hockey Iv 867 

**puck" Iv 212 

rink K 215 

rules iv 215 

skates, cost . . . K 358 

team K ^1 i S58 



170 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Hockey — Continued 

uniform K 213, 358 

See also Curling 

Hoe 

forging a garden hoe M 335-337* 

forging a grub hoe M 328-330* 

how to use G 107-266 

Hog. See Swine 

Hogan, Clarence A 

raising chickens A 159 

Hoisting machinery 

inclined plane B 52-62, 64 

lewis for lifting stones B 347* 

lifting magnets E 79-81* 

screws B 139-147 

tongs for lifting stones B 348* 

See also Capstan; Pulleys; Windlass 

Holly 

care of trees A 52 

characteristics C 560 

wood, value A 52 

wreaths, making and marketing A 52-53 

Hollyhocks 

background plant G 320 

characteristics G 334, 365 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 

Home decoration. See House decoration 

Homemaking 

art of H 44 

See also Housekeeping 

Homing pigeons K 180 

Honey 

cooking with A 327 

food value H 254 

marketing A 326 

plants which supply A 322 

wholesomeness A 326 

See also Bees 

Honeysuckle 

decorative value G 359 

Honiton applique N 237 

Hood 

knitted N 366-368* 

Hooke, Robert 

wave theory of light E 343 

Hooker, Ava 

a start with poultry A 172-177 

Hooks 

centrifugal check hooks B 326* 

forging 

gate hooks M 236-238* 



GUroE AND INDEX 171 

PAGE 

Hooks, forging — Continued 

harness hooks M 238* 

steel hook M 266-271* 

Hooks and eyes, sewing on N 24-25* 

Hoops, embroidery N 122-123 

Hop hornbeam, or iron wood 

characteristics C 558 

Hop vine 

value G 360 

Hopover( Game) K 358 

Hopscotch K 359 

Hopper joints C 251* 

Horizontal bar 

making a pull up bar C 270* 

Horse 

book about A 517 

raising colts A 101-103 

training A 252-255, 258 

Horse chestnut G 367 

Horse power 

converting into kilowatts B125 

estimating B 122-125 

estimating energy in coal E 6 

Horsemanship K 225-232* 

bridle wise horse K 227 

care of the horse K 230 

girls as riders K 321 

jumping fences K 231* 

mounting K 226-227* 

packing a horse K 230 

saddles, selecting K 225-226* 

selecting the horse K 232 

styles of riding K 227-228 

Horseshoeing M 221-222* 

heels M 222 

making shoes M 218-222* 

mule shoes and horse shoes M 218 

toe calk M 221* 

Hospitality. See Guests 

Hot water bottle 

electric heating pad E 117 

Hotbed 

coldframe changed to G 38 

directions for making ('• 48-50* 

preparing for winter G 108, 109 

time to transfer plants G 235 

Ho-ti and the roast pig H 18 

House cleaning H :^37-352 

appliances for H 140, 147 

order of work H 143-145 

principles H 142 



172 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

House cleaning — Continued 

repairs and renovations . H 338, 339 

small spaces H 338 

unobtrusive methods H 128 

weekly schedule H 108 

woodwork H 123 

See also Ceilings; Cellar; Cuitains; Floors; Flues; Furnace; 
Furniture; Garbage can; Kitchen; Lamps, oil; Laundry 
work; Matting; Painting; Paper-hanging; Pictures; Re- 
frigerator; Rugs; Shades; Tiles; Vacuum cleaners; Walls; 
Windows 
House decoration 

ceilings D 36 

correcting defects of height D 38 

color scheme D 16-20 

harmony D 35-36 

interior woodwork D 20 

southern and northern exposures D 18-19 

corrective for architectiu-al defects D 37-38 

decorative fabrics D 95-120 

Dutch room, suggestion N 379 

experimenting D 41-43 

floors, color scheme D 16, 20, 36 

French room, suggestions N 379 

furnitm-e 

arrangement D 59-63 

selection D 46-59 

modifying rules D 43-45 

overcrowding D 62 

principles D 34-35 

re-decorating old houses D 37 

relation to building plan D 12-13 

summer cottage suggestions D 370 

ten commandments D 45-46 

use and beauty of possessions H 115-120 

walls D 36, 39-41 

stencihng N 76 

window seats N 374-375 

See also Copper work; Curtains; Cushions; Floral decoration; 
Furniture; Girl's room; Leather work; Metal work; Pic- 
tures; Portieres; Pottery; Stenciling; Weaving 
House fly. See Flies 
House framing 

construction details D 25-32* 

drawings and instructions C 461-464* 

corner framing C 462* 

corners, finishing poultry house C 446* 

paper for siding C 471 

siding 

cheap houses C 445 

cottages and bungalows C 464 



GUIDE AND INDEX 173 

PAGE 

House framing, siding — Continued 

putting on weather boards C 471 

tongue and groove boards for C 475 

small and cheap houses C 444-445* 

studding for a boat house B 37-38* 

summer house construction C 413-417* 

window and door frames, setting C 469 

House plans. See Architecture 

Household pests H 361-364 

Housekeeper 

effacement of H 383-384 

health of . ^ H 385 

stories of inspiration H 388-389 

worries H 384 

See also House cleaning; Housekeeping; Servants 
Housekeeping 

accounts, keeping H 87-100 

adjustment of work . . H 112 

alleviations H 333 

as a profession H 382-387 

bedroom work . , H 146-159 

closing the house 

marking wrapped articles H 351 

meters, shutting off H 351 

packing H 347-349 

repairing household appliances H 349 

traps, care of H 351 

daily work H 103 

dignity of H 387 

dining-room and pantry work H 51, 160-187 

emergencies H 353-369 

expenses, division of income H 74-80 

home training for H 46 

inspiration . . ^ H 388-389 

learning and helping H 43-59 

learning by observation H58 

menus and marketing H 244-273 

My heritage H 63-68 

objections to H 382 

opening the house, unpacking H 352 

playhouse H 3-40 

possessions, use and beauty H 115-120 

rest provisions H 113 

schedules of work H 101-113 

school lessons helpful in H 45 

servants H 370-381 

upstairs work H 146-159 

See also Cookery; Food; Furniture; House cleaning; House 
decoration; Insect pests; Ironing; Kitchen; Lainuiry; Mar- 
keting; Needle work; Plumbing; Receipts; Servants; Sewing 
House plants. See Plants 



174 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Huckleberries 

canning factories A 12 

picking A 13 

where and how they grow A 11, C 514 

Hudson seal A 491 

Hugo, Victor 

his description of Paris sewers mentioned H 216 

Humming birds .... 

taming A 265 

Humus 

soil composition G 8, 9 

Hunt the sheep K 360 

Hunting 

choosing companions K 118 

training dogs for K 190-192 

See also Game and game birds; Shooting 

Huygens, Christian 

wave theory of light E 344 

Hyacinth 

cone developer G 175 

indoor planting G 166, 167 

planting and blooming time G 177, 178 

varieties G 167, 177, 178 

water growing G 169, 175 

Hydrangea 

characteristics G 356, 365 

Hydro-electric stations in the United States E 202-207 

Hygiene 

how to keep well K 3-5 

outdoor life K 6-9 

rules of health K 12 

value of play K 4, 10 

See also Athletics; Exercise; Walking 

Hygrometer 

construction B 231-232* 

Hylo electric lamps E 138* 

Hyperbola 

describing B 338 



I spy K 361 

Ice 

home-made A 435-437 

Ice box. See Refrigerator 
Ice Hockey. See Hockey 
Ice-shaver 

forging M 327* 

Incandescent lamps. See Electric lamps. Incandescent, 
Inclined plane 

principle of B 52-62* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 175 

PAGE 

Inclined plane — Continued 

rule for power B 64 

Income 

allowances, management of H 80 

gifts, provisions for H 81 

how to divide for family needs H 72-85 

increasing, ways to avoid H 73 

management of H 70-86 

savings from H 82 

uncertain, management of H 71 

Incubators K 197-199 

electric E 114 

temperature regulator E 124* 

Indian bracelet 

making M 176-177* 

Indian proverb about home making H 44 

Indian's plume (Bee bahn) G 333, 347 

Induction (Electricity) 
current induced 

by interrupting the circuit E 184 

by moving the magnet E 17-18 

direction of induced currents E 186 

experiments E 349-352 

human voice as interrupter E 282-283 

piano strings as interrupter E 281 

telephone induction coil E 279-281* 

tuning fork as an interrupter E 280 

wireless spark coil E 321-322* 

Ink stams 

removing H 359 

Ink well holder 

copper work M 117-121* 

gouge work C 261-263* 

Inky caps, mushrooms A 90 

Inlaying, metal M 362 

Inlaying, wood C 319-331* 

borders, designs and making C 324-328* 

buhlwork C 329 

building up designs C 320-322*, 323*, 329* 

checkerboard, design and making C 326-327* 

curved designs C 328 

gluing process ^ C 323 

marquetry work C 828 

placing the design C 324 

thickness of veneer C 319 

woods suitable for C 319 

Inoculation of soil G 119 

Insect pests G 280-295, K 167-168, H 361-364 

ants G 283 

asparagus beetle, remedy (» 287 

bean anthracnose G 288 



176 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Insect pests — Continued 

bed bugs H 363-364 

book about A 519 

cabbage worm G 125, 288 

caterpillars G 282, 285, 287, 290 

cauliflower lice and maggots G 289 

celery caterpillar G 287, 290 

chestnut weevil A 33 

chicken lice A 148, 149 

cockroaches H 362 

cut worms G 284, 292, 293 

destruction of, by birds and toads .... A 455-457, G 280-281 

detecting G 283-284 

eggplants G 305 

gnawing class, remedy G 281-282 

grasshoppers G 282 

homworm G 292 

house plant pests , G 199 

household pests H 361-364 

leaf-hopper G 293 

moths, prevention and extermination of H 362 

plant lice G 284, 291, 293 

potato bug G 287, 292 

red spider G 293 

rose slug G 284, 293 

slugs G 117, 284, 285, 293 

squash bug G 287, 291, 292 

striped beetle G 117, 285, 287, 292 

sucking class . G 282 

tomato worm G 286 

water bugs H 362 

See also Flies; Insecticides; Mosquitoes 

Insecticides 

bordeaux mixture G 121, 294 

kerosene emulsion G 130 

Paris green G 130 

Insects 

adult stage A 394 

chrysalides A 394, 396 

development A 393-395 

distinguishing young from old A 391-393 

egg stage A 393 

habits A 388-391 

homes A 397-399 

injurious and helpful K 167-168 | 

larval stage A 394 > 

life of a butterfly A 395-397 

pupa stage A 394 

See also Ants; Beetles; Butterflies; Dragon-flies; Grasshop- 
pers; Moths; Silkworms; Spiders; Wasps 



GUIDE AND INDEX 177 

PAGE 

Insects — Collecting and preserving 

baiting moths A 400-402, K 153-154 

sugar receipt A 401, K 153 

books about A 519 

breeding cage, making A 399-400* 

cases for preserving A 385, 387*, 388, C 395-397 

cornstalk pith for lining A 63 

classifying A 386-389 

egg shell, mounting A 396 

eggs of butterflies A 395 

filing cabinet, making C 395-397 

killing bottle, making and using a cyanide bottle A 378-380*, 382, 

K 151-152* 

mounting A 380-386*, K 152* 

net making A 376-378* 

outfit . A 375, K 151 

pinning butterflies and beetles A 383-385* 

pins for mounting A 380 

spreading board A 381* 

times and localities for collecting A 388-389 

Insertion. See Crocheting 

Instruments. See Tools 

Insulation. See Electric insulators and insulation 

Insurance. See Life insurance 

Intercollegiate Amateur Athletic Association of America 

best records K 336 

events contested for K 360 

rowing record K 383 

Interior decoration. See House decoration 

Invalid tray 

preparing H 365-366 

Inventions 

ancient and modern B 271-277 

See also Aeroplanes; Matches; Typewriters; Wireless telegraph; 
and words beginning Electric 

Iris 

blue flag G 366 

border plant G 321 

dwarf, characteristics G 334, 364 

English, planting and blooming time G 178 

German, characteristics G 365 

Japanese, characteristics G SSS 

Spanish, planting and blooming time G 178 

, varieties G 321 

Irish crochet N 333-350* 

baby Irish pattern N 344-346* 

belt N 335-337* 

doily with edge N 335* 

Dutch collar N 346-350* 

edging X 344-345* 

grapes N ^-^5 



178 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Irish crochet — Continued 

jabot N 342-344* 

leaves N 345 

materials N 333 

motifs, joining N 334 

rose N 339-340, 344 

shamrock N 341 

tie rose N 337-338* 

wheel pattern with rose and straps of shamrock N 338-342* 

Irish stew; story H 14 

Iron 

galvanized 

incorrectly named E 248 

soldering M 44 

magnetic properties E 13 

oxidation, preventing M 247 

pig iron M 230 

stretching processes M 315 

wrought iron M 230-232 

Iron work 

bending comer M 271-273* 

bracket, making M 393-395* 

bulbs, making M 385-388* 

candlestick, making M 380-383* 

spiral M 388-391* 

chains, welding M 250-253* 

decorative forgings, suggestions D 364 

handles M 384 

hinge, making M 391* 

hinge and butt, making M 283-285* 

kettle stand, making M 406-409* 

lamp holder for M 408 

lamp, makmg M 396-405* 

holder M 408 

shade and holder M 399-400 

punching holes in M 245* 

rings, welding M 248-250*, 254* 

spirals, making M 385 

tongs, forging M 285-288* 

twists M 383 

braided strand M 384 

umbrella stand M 409 

wrench, forging M 273* 

See also Andirons; Blacksmithing; Fire tools; Welding 

Ironing 

bed linen H 327 

board for H 315 

clothes-horse for H 318 

electric irons for E 107-110, 243* 

embroidery H 329 

iron, care and use . . H 316 



GUIDE AND INDEX 179 

PAGE 

Ironing — Continued 

iron holders H 317 

iron-stand H 318 

lace H 330 

process H 326-327 

scorched places H 335 

starch sticking, to prevent H 335 

table linen H 327 

wax, cloths and paper H 318 

Ironwood 

characteristics C 558 

Irrigation 

book about A 518 

Chinese treadmill device B 337* 

Persian wheel device B 343* 



Jabot 

Irish crochet . N 342-344* 

Jack fagots K 362 

Jack-in-the-pulpit 

description of G 344 

Jacket. See Crocheting 

Jai-a-U (Pelota) K 376 

Jam 

thimbleberry . A 11 

Japan barberry 

hedge shrub G 357 

Japan quince 

hedge shrub G 357 

Japanese clematis 

characteristics G 365 

Japanese fan ball K 362 

Japanese hop 

characteristics G 331 

Japanese snow flower 

characteristics G 356 

Japanese snowball 

characteristics G 356 

Jardiniere. See Plant stand 
Jelly 

barberry jelly A 17 

green grape jelly A 15 

Jerusalem cherry tree, indoor plant G 197 

Jew fish . 

catching K 126 

Jewel box 

copper work M 107-115* 

Jeweler's tools. See Tools 



180 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Jewelry. See Silver work 
Joe Pye weed 

habits and characteristics G 349 

story of name G 348 

Johnny cake 

camp cooking K 88 

Joints 

butt C 251* 

clamping mitre joints D 144* 

dado C 236*, 255* 

dovetail 

blind C 256* 

box C 314*, 256* 

half-blind C 256* 

lap C 253* 

single C 313-314* 

single open C 256* 

doweled D 148*, C 251 

gained or housed C 255* 

gluing D 140-141*, 144-146* 

mitre joints C 232-234 

halved C 253* 

lap joint D 147* 

hopper C 251* 

joint edge, definition of C 186 

kinds and construction D 140-141*, 143-148* 

lap C 251, 253*, 256* 

lock C 255* 

mitre C 232-234*, D 143-146* 

lap C 256* 

mortise and tenon C 250*, D 147*, 154* 

blind C 255* 

draw boring C 415 

end C 256* 

reHshed C 256* 

through C 255* 

notched C 255* 

rabbeted C 255* 

rubbed joint C 251* 

spUce or scarf C 257* 

stretcher C 256* 

tongue and groove C 257* 

trick C 257* 

Jonquil 

narcissus family C 169 

planting and blooming time G 178 

July 

blooming plants G 365 

June 

blooming plants G 365 



I 



GUIDE AND INDEX 181 

PAGE 

K 

Kale 

planting and care G 299 

time to plant G 234 

Keel. See Boat building 

Kelvin, Lord 

and the Atlantic cable E 66 

Kennels. See Dogs 

Kensington stitch 

flower embroidery N 178-179* 

Kentucky coffee tree C 560 

Kerosene 

cleaning woodwork H 124, 134 

lighting fires with H 231 

Kerosene emulsion 

insecticide G 284, 289 

receipt G 294, 295 

Key rack 

carving design C 123 

whittling. C 12-14* 

Key tag 

whittling C 14* 

Kick the stick (Game) K 363 

Kiln 

lumber kiln method C 524-525 

portable pottery kiln D 299-301* 

Kilowatt 

converting into H. P. B B 125 

hour E 41 

Kindling wood 

cutting and collecting as a business A 404-408 

King Alfred. See Alfred, King 

Kingbird 

insect eater A 456, 457 

migration K 176 

King of the castle (Game) K 364 

Kitchen 

chairs H 196 

cleaning weekly H 110 

clock H 199 

curtains H 198 

floors H 191-193 

furnishings 11 188-200 

hooks II 198 

house plan D 10 

light fixtures 11 199 

ornament H 199 

rugs 11 193 

shelves H 197 

sink II 194 

size II 188 



182 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Kitchen — Continued 

tables H 194 

walls and woodwork H 189 

See also Ranges 

Kitchen utensils H 200-207 

aluminum, advantages and care H 202, 206 

bread board, making C 222-223* 

care of H 205 

materials H 201 

selection H 203, 207 

sugar scoop and ladle, making C 272* 

See also Soldering 

Kites B 185-200 

aeroplane kite, making C 84-87* 

American Malay i 

launching C 92 

making C 86* 

box kites 

launching B 191, C 92 

making B 189-191* 

bridle, fastening C 88*, 91* 

cellular, making B 191-192*, C 91-92* 

Chinese, designs C 96 

coverings, importance of C 94 

detail drawings C 91* 

Eddy kite, making C 86* 

flying C 88-90 

principle of B 185-189* 

groups, flying B 192*, C 90 

joining sticks C 84-85, 87* 

lines C 88 

making B 187-195, C 84-96* 

materials C 85, 88, 94 

photographing by means of B 194 

record flight B 185-187 

reels for C 88 

sails C 85 

shape . B 188 

stability, principle of C 94 

tailless C 84-95 

tails, principle of B 188 

tandem C 95* 

tetrahedral, making C 92-94* 

war kites, making B 193* 

wind velocity table B 198 

Knife. See Knives 

Knife box 

making C 223-226* 

Knife work. See Whittling; Wood carving; 

Knights of the Round Table. See Round Table 

Knitting N 351-371* 



i 



GUIDE AND INDEX 183 

PAGE 

Knitting — Continued 

baby hood N 366-368* 

baby vest N 368 

basket stitch N 358* 

bootees N 363-366* 

doll's cap N 362* 

doll's cape N 360* 

doll's jacket N 360-362* 

doll's leggings N 363* 

German method N 352* 

lace pine pattern N 369-371 

materials for N 351 

patterns N 360-371* 

shawl 

finishing edge N 357 

long . N 356-358 

wide N 358, 359 

stitches 

basket stitch N 358* 

binding off N 354-356 

casting off . N 354-356 

casting on N 351* 

popcorn N 356* 

purhng N 353* 

washing N 332 

widening the row N 355 

Knives 

butcher knife, forging M 354-357* 

steel, washing H 184 

whittling C 6* 

Knot holes 

how made A 442 

Knots 

raffia knotting N 271-275* 

silk, cotton, or linen N^275-277 

See also Sewing 

Knuckle of veal H 270 

Kodak K 304 

Kohlrabi 

planting and care G 300 

L 

Labeling. See Insects — Collections; Plants — Collections; Shells 

Labels for plant markers, making G58 

Lace and lace making N 227-241* 

basting braid N 227, 228 

Brussels stitch, single and double N 229, 231* 

buttonholed bar N 233* 

Connemara lace N 235-237* 

dyeing lace H 331, N 238 



184 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Lace and lace making — Continued 

edge finishing N 234 

fan stitch N 232* 

fagotting. N 229* 

foundation stitch, mesh or net N 230 

Honiton apphque N 237 

braids for N 236-238 

Irish crochet lace N 333-350* 

knitted lace, pine pattern N 369-371 

Limerick darning N 234 

maltese cross, design N 233* 

over handing on N 15* 

point lace N 227 

Brazilian N 238-241* 

Renaissance N 227 

rolling and whip stitching on N 22 

spider stitch N 231-232* 

Teneriffe or Brazilian point N 238-241* 

twisted bar stitch N 124*, 233 

washmg H 330 

whitening H 331 

Lacquer 

for brass M 140 

Lacrosse K 364 

Ladder stitch N 158-159 

Lady bug, 

value to farmers K 168 

Lakes 

tides B 228 

Lamb 

cuts and their uses H 270 

food value 

combinations H 259 

table H 253 

See also Sheep 

Lamp 

copper work, electric lamp M 92-96* 

steel base, making M 401-403* 

wrought iron 

making M 396-405* 

shade holder M 399 

Lamp, oil 

care of H 136 

trimming wicks H 137 

Lamp shade 

copper work M 96-99* 

glass for M 400 

See also Candle shade 

Land drainage. See Drainage 

Landscape gardening . G 351-367 

formal gardens G 357 



GUIDE AND INDEX 185 

PAGE 

Landscape gardening — Continued 

flower gardens G 360-362 

garden furnishings G 363 

hedges G 357 

helping nature G 363 

lawns 

flowers, what and where to plant G 360 

treatment of G 352 

points to observe G 362-363 

principles of G 351 

purpose G 357 

screening unsightly places G 362 

shrubs 

grouping G 354-355 

selection principle G 357 

table of. . G 355-356 

summer house, location G 363 

trees, selection and grouping G 353-354, 357 

vines G 359 

water garden G 362 

wild flower garden G 362 

See also Flower gardening; Gardening; Shrubs; Trees 

Lantern 

metal work M 405-406* 

Lantern wheel B 322* 

Lap joints C 251, 253* 

Laplace, Pierre Simon 

Corpuscular theory of light E 344 

Larch 

characteristics C 530 

Larkspur 

background plant G 320 

characteristics G 365 

oriental, characteristics G 333, 335 

sowing and blossoming time G161, 320 

varieties G 319, 320 

Larva. See Insects 

Last tag (Game) K 370 

Lathe tools 



making ^I 300-306 



Lattice work D 209-211* 

Launch 

launchmg the boat B 134, 137-138 

rules for running B 74-75 

See also Boat building; Gasolene motors 

Laundry work 

appliances H 312-320 

blankets II i>24, 328 

bluing 11 IS, 320 

removing H 334 

boiling clothes II ^^-^ 



186 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Laundry work — Continued 

chamois gloves H 331 

clothes basket H 315 

clothes line, care of H 314 

clothes pins, care of H 314 

colored clothes H 324 

curtains H 328-329 

economizing H 333 

electric washing machinery E 241-243* 

embroidery H 329, N 136-137 

emergencies H 333-336 

freezing weather H 334 

hanging out clothes H 323, 325 

knitting and crochet work N 332 

lace H 330 

muddy water H 334 

poles for H 315 

rinsing clothes H 323 

schedule for wash days H 106 

silk clothes H 325 

soaking clothes H 322 

soap H 319 

soiled clothes, care of H 321 

sorting clothes H 318 

sprinkling and folding clothes H 325-327 

starch H 319 

starching clothes H 323 

stormy days H 333 

stove H 315 

tubs, care of H 313 

wash board '. H 313 

wash boiler, care of H 313 

wash stick H 314 

washing process H 321-322 

white clothes H 321 

woolens H 324 

wringer H 314 

See also Ironing 

Lavender 

growing G 327 

Lavender stick 

making A 424-427* 

Lawn bowling K 366 

Lawn bowls K 365 

Lawn hockey K 367 

Lawn mower 

care of A 432-433 

Lawn skittles • •. K 368-370 

Lawn tennis. See Tennis 

Lawns 

crocuses in A 169, 434 



GUIDE AND INDEX 187 

PAGE 

Lawns — Continued 

embankment wall, making G 73 

flowers in, what and where to plant G 360 

grading G 74 

landscape gardening G 352 

mowing A 432-433 

rolling G 75 

Layering plants G 250 

Laying the table. See Setting the table 

Lazy tongs . . B 313* 

Lead 

bath to prevent steel oxidation M 284, 291 

soldering M 44 

Leaded glass 

cutting and soldering D 196-197* 

Leaf hopper G 293 

Leaf mold 

making . A 421-424 

Leaks. See Plumbing 

Leap frog K 347 

Spanish fly . . K 385 

Leather work D 321-345*, N 83-90* 

applique N 83, 85* 

applying designs N 87-90 

articles made from, Ust N 89 

belt designs and tooling D 324-328* 

book cover D 342-345* 

card case D 338-340* 

cover for note book D 331-334* 

cutting N 88, 89 

dampening for tracing N 88 

decoration, principles of D 322 

designing N 86 

desk pad D 336-338* 

knots D 330* 

lining articles D 339, 341 

mat, design and tooling D 328-330* 

paste, receipt for N 88, 95, 96 

pasting N -85, 89 

pen wiper, designs and tooling D 330-331* 

planning a skin N 84* 

polishing N 96 

purse D 340-342* 

skins suitable for D 322, N 83-85*, 92 

stitching by hand t) 333-335* 

tinting N 96 

tooled leather N 91-97* 

embossing with die N 93 

paste, receipt for N 95, 96 

polishing N 96 

process D 326-328*, N 92-94 



188 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Leather work, tooled leather — Continued 

relief work D 329*, N 93-95* 

filling with paste N 95 

Russia calf for N 92 

tools D 323-324*, N 91*, 96* 

tracing the design N 87, 92 

Leaves 

blue printing A 361 

giving off water G 245 

simple, compound and doubly compound C 543* 

Leek 

germination per cent G 233 

Left overs 

utilizing H 355 

Legumes 

value as plant food G 223 

Lemon lily 

characteristics G 333 

Lemon tree, ponderosa G 196 

Lemons 

food value H 255 

preserving in water H 357 

removing stains with H 359 

Letter copying devices B 418 

Letter opener 

copper work D 347* 

Letter rack 

carving C 112-117* 

copper work D 346-347* 

two compartments, making and carving C 109-112* 

Lettering. See Gilding 
Letters. See Embroidery 
Lettuce 

cabbage lettuce G 306 

cos lettuce G 306 

food value H 255 

going to seed G 307 

head lettuce G 306 

planting seed 

depth to plant G 42, 235 

distance to plant G 42 

how to sow the seed G 95 

indoor planting time G 233 

quantity to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination per cent . . G 233 

germination period G 32 

succession crops G 307 

transplanting G 101 



GUIDE AND INDEX 189 

PAGE 

Lever 

arms B 23* 

double B 25-27 

lazy tongs B 313* 

principle of B 21-28* 

rule for power B 63 

Library tables. See Tables 

Lice 

cauliflower pests G 289 

chicken lice A 148 

powder receipt A 149, K 201 

plant lice G 284 

Life insurance 

advantages and disadvantages for saving H 83 

Lifting machinery. See Hoisting machinery 

Light 

ancient theory of E 342 

color dependent upon wave length E315 

electro-magnetic theory E 346 

emission theory E 345 

a form of vibration E 343 

theories held by eminent scientists E 343-346 

velocity B 249-251, E 311 

waves E 310 

length of B 251, E 315 

Lighting 

economizing bills , H 236 

reading meters H 238-240* 

See also Electric lighting; Gas lighting 

Lightning 

arrester E 292* 

weather symbol B 362 

why lightning is seen before thunder is heard B 249 

Lilac 

characteristics G 356 

Lily 

red speciosum, planting and blooming time G 179 

white day lily G 333 

Lily-of-the- valley 

characteristics G 365 

false G 345 

Lima bean 

food value H 255 

planting G 297 

Lime 

disinfectant H ^1^ 

protecting vines from insects G118 

See also Soil 

Limerick darning N £34 

Limestone 

formation of G 216 



190 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Limestone — Continued 

road material G 85 

Linden 

characteristics C 560, G 367 

Linen. See Doilies; Loning; Table linen 
Linen chest 

making C 377-380* 

Lingerie hat 

eyelet work N 169* 

making and trimming N 171-174 

Links. See Chains; Cuff links 
Linoleum 

care of H 191 

Liquids 

boiling point H 277 

Living expenses. See Housekeeping 
Living-room 

furniture D 50-53* 

arrangement D 61 

Loam 

meaning of G 220 

Loaves and fishes: story H 32 

Lobster ♦ 

boiled H 292 

color H 292 

food value H 254 

Lock joints C 255* 

Lockjaw 

cause and prevention B 248-249 

Locks 

escutcheon plates, making M 410-414* 

See also Door hasp 
Locomotives 

boilers B 117 

link motion valve gear B 317 

Locust 

durability of black locust wood C 494 

varieties and characteristics C 565, G 367 

Log cabin 

woods for making K 101 

Lombardy poplar G 353, 367 

Looms. See Bead work; Weaving 

Loops for buttonholes N 62* 

Lotus, American 

characteristics G 366 

Luge-ing (Game) K 371 

Lumber and lumbering 

"boom'* C 520 

clear lumber C 499 

curls or eyes, how made A 443 

cutting logs K 100 



GUIDE AND INDEX 191 

. PAGE 

Lumber and lumbering — Continued 

defects, detecting C 524-530 

drive C 520 

drying C 495 

estimating, problems in C 504-509 

kiln-dried C 524, D 132-133 

knot holes, how made A 442 

knots versus strength C 497 

length, standard C 499 

log jams C 521 

measuring • • ; C 503 

old method of sawing C 136* 

plain sawed D 131* 

quarter-sawed D 131* 

railroad consumption C 517 

saw mills . C 522 

seasoning C 524-525, D 132 

shakes C 530 

shearing C 496 

shrinkage, principle of C 528-530 

thickness, standard C 498 

volume of business in United States C517 

warping, principle of C 527* 

waste in cutting C 512 

waste in saw mills C 522-523 

winding lumber C 531 

See also Forestry; Trees; Wood 

Lumber rack 

making C 152-154* 

Luncheon: story H 32 

M 

Macaroni 

food value H 254 

McCray, Arthur H. 

Profits of bee-keeping . A 333-336 

Machine shop 

equipping to run by electric power E 226, 229-231 

Machinery, See Capstan; Engines; Gas and oil engines; Gasolene 
motors; Locomotives; Mechanical movements; Motorcycles; 
Sewing machines; Steam engine; Tools; Typewriters; Water 
wheels; Wheels; Windmills 
Mclntyre, Flora 

How I earned two hundred dollars A 331-333 

Mackerel 

food value H 253 

Madeira embroidery. See Eyelet work 
Magazine cover 

tooled N 94* 

Magazine rack 

design D 52* 



192 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Magazine rack, design — Continued 

and construction D 165-170* 

wood finish D 237 

Maggots 

garden pests G 291 

Magic lantern. See Stereopticou 

Magnesia 

cleaning properties H 332 

Magnet 

earth as a magnet E 14 

iron E 13-14 

poles E 28* 

steel, how to retain magnetism E 28 

See also Electro-magnet 

Magnetic field E 13 

about electric currents E 353* 

dynamo E 9, 11-13 

effect upon a magnet E 353* 

Magnetos. See Dynamos 

Mahogany 

imitation stain C 489» D 230 

Maids. See Servants 

Mallet 

carpenter's tool C 200* 

metal worker's tool M 8* 

Maltese cross 

drawing C 27* 

lace making pattern N 233* 

Mandrake. See May apple 

Mandrel M 154*. 209 

Manifolding devices B 418, 421 

Manures. See Fertilizers 

Maple 

box elder or ash-leaved maple C 548 

characteristics C 544 

moose wood C 548 

mountain C 548 

Norway maple G 367 

qualities of G 78 

red or swamp maple C 547, G 367 

seeds, value of A 47 

silver, white, or soft maple C 546 

sugar or rock maple C 545, G 367 

sycamore C 547 

Maple sugar and syrup 

boiling down A 75 

bonbons A 77-78 

books about A 516 

colors, changes in A 75 

food value H 254 

identifying trees A 71 



GUIDE AND INDEX 193 

PAGE 

Maple sugar and syrup — Continued 

proportion of syrup to sugar A 76 

sap 

care when running A 73 

ingredients . A 75 

states that have sugar trees A 69 

straining A 76 

sugar making C 546 

equipment and preparation A 72 

Indian methods A 69 

primitive and modern methods A 70-71 

tapping trees A 72-74 

testing when boiling A 76 

weather for making A 74 

Marathon race 

championship K 371 

Marble 

composition G 216 

Marbles 

first shot "fat'* K 346 

names of K 373 

playing K 372 

reals K 373 

March 

birds K 175 

blooming plants G 364 

Marconi, Guglielmo 

inventor of wireless telegraph E 316, 346 

Marguerites 

bedding plants G 324 

Marigold 

African, characteristics G 332 

characteristics G 330 

good blooming plant G 323 

marsh marigold, characteristics G 366 

planting seeds G 158 

pot marigold, characteristics G 329, 331 

sowing and blossoming time G161 

varieties G 157 

Marine engines. See Gasolene motors; Steam turbines 

Marketing H 264-273 

principles of buying H 265 

quantities, consideration of H 272 

staples, buying of . . . H 272 

See also Names of articles, e. g.. Fish; Meats; Vegetables; etc., 
also Beef; Shad, etc. 

Markets in Venice H 264 

Marking 

bath towels N 150*, 156 

combination stitches N 150-157* 

cross stitch N 156 

emblems, bullion N 154-156 



194 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Marking — Continued 

featlier-sti telling N 156 

French knots N 150 

ladder stitch N 158-159 

monograms N 152-154 

napkins N 156, 157 

outlining N 150* 

papier-mache letters N 156 

table and bed linen N 157 

Marquetry work C 328 

Marsh rabbit ' . A 509 

Martha H 382-387 

Martin 

migration K 176 

Masonry. See Cement; Foundations; Retaining walls 

Match safe 

copper work M 81-82* 

Match scratchers 

drawing and making C 38* 

Matches 

invention of B 272 

Mathematics 

woodwork mathematics C 498-509 

Mats 

corn husk for braiding A 63 

tooled leather, designs and process D 328, 329* 

woven rattan N 247*, 249 

See also Rugs 

Matt tool 

definition of M 210 

Matting 

cleaning H 131 

Mattress 

making for doll-bed N 50-52* 

corn husks for A 63 

Maxim's, aero-curves B 166-167* 

Maxwell, James Clark 

scientist E 341 

May 

birds K 175 

blooming plants G 365 

May apple A 23, G 345 

Mayonnaise 

remedy for curdled H 356 

Meadow lark 

migration K 176 

Meadow mushroom A 89 

Meals 

clearing the table H 176 

effect of mental attitude during H 247 

preparation 



GUIDE AND INDEX 195 

PAGE 

Meals, preparation — Continued 

advance H 308 

sequence of work H 305-308 

serving 

courses H 170 

dessert course H 172 

duties of waitress H 169-172 

finger bowls H 172 

who to serve first H 172 

without a maid H 174-176 

Measures. See Weights and Measures 
Meat 

boiling whole H 278 

braising H 280 

broiling H 275-276 

buying principles » . . H 266 

camp cooking K 90 

cooking, preparation for H 285 

cuts of H 268* 

food value H 250 

table •_ . • H 252 

judging condition of H 270 

left overs . H 355 

names of parts H 267 

roasting H 282 

stewing H 280 

See also Beef; Fish; Lamb; Mutton; Pork; Poultry; Veal 

Mechanical drawing C 23-39* 

circles C 28-30* 

crosses C 24-27* 

curves B 339 

cylinder and cones C 34* 

design for filing cabinet C 395-396* 

for match scratcher C 38* 

ellipse B 210-211*, C 19*, 112-114* 

enlarging or reducing drawings C 390, B 339 

first lessons C 24-30* 

triangle, hexagon and star C 29* 

Mechanical drawing — Instruments 
compass 

proportional compasses . B 339* 

how to use C 28-30 

cyclograph for describing circular arcs B 339* 

drawing board 

how to use C 23-25* 

making C 381-383* 

drawing table, making C 391-394* 

irregular or French curves, making C 387 

making an outfit C 381-398 

pantagraph 

making C 388-391* 



196 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Mechanical drawing — Instruments, pantagraph — Continued 

how to use B 325* 

section liners C 387 

T-square 

making C 384-386* 

to prevent warping C 394 

use of C 24 

triangles, constructing C 386-388* 

views and dimensions C 32-34* 

Mechanical movements 

anti-friction bearing B 326* 

balance, principle of B 25 

balance spring B 330-331* 

capstan B 347* 

centrifugal check hooks B 326* 

circular motion 

continuous B 323* 

intermittent B 321-324* 

variable B 321* 

combination B 327-328* 

compasses B 339 

compound, definition B 306 

crank motion B 312 

cyclographs for describing circular arcs B 339* 

diagonal catch and hand gear B 315, 316 

disk-engine B 334* 

driving feed rolls B 316* 

endless bands B 336* 

feed motion B 337* 

fulcrum, principle of B 21-28* 

Geneva stop B 319* 

governor 

centrifugal B 313* 

engine B 329 

water wheel B 314* 

grinding or crushing B 307-308*, 336* 

gyroscope B 334-335* 

hyperbolas B 338* 

irregular motion B 319-321* 

lantern wheel B 322* 

lewis B 347* 

link-motion valve gear B 317-318* 

number of B 307 

oscillating engines B 333-334* 

pantagraph B 325* 

parabolas B 338* 

parallel motion B 332-333* 

parallel ruler, mechanism B 331-332* 

pendulums B 329-330* 

perpetual motion 

definition B 306 



GUIDE AND INDEX 197 

PAGE 

Mechanical movements, perpetual motion — Continued 

impossibility of E 234-237 

pulleys B 309-310* 

ratchet wheel B 322-324* 

rectilinear motion B 312* 

releasing hook B 326* 

rollers, principle of B 28 

rolling contact B 318* 

rotary B 312* 

rotary engines B 340* 

intermittent ...» B 322* 

simple, definition B 306 

speed, changing B 328* 

steering gear . B 346 

stop and rotary motion B 319* 

toe and lifter B 329* 

tongs for lifting B 348* 

tread mills B 337* 

turbine, Jonval B 341* 

water wheels B 341-344* 

windmills B 346* 

weight, lever and fulcrum B 23-28* 

See also Mechanics; Pumps 
Mechanical powers. See Inclined plane; Lever; Mechanics; Pul- 
ley; Screw; Wedge; Wheel and axle 
Mechanical toys. See Toys 
Mechanics 

first mechanical power B 21 

problems in estimating mechanical power B 82 

progress of mechanical arts B 271-277 

six mechanical powers defined B 63-64 

See also Aeroplanes; Electric power; Engines; Gasolene motors; 
Inclined planes; Kites; Lever; Mechanical drawing; Mechan- 
ical movements; Perpetual motion; Power; Pulley; Pumps; 
Screw; Water wheel; Wedge; Wheel and axle 
Medicinal plants 

digitalis from foxglove A 57 

golden seal A 57 

pokeweed A 58 

weeds G 272 

Medicine cabinet 

making with paneled doors C 354-357* 

Melon 

origin G 307 

planting seed 

depth and distance G 42 

quantity to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

See also Muskmelon; Watermelon 



198 GUIDE AND INDEX 



PAGE 



Mending and repairing. See Patching; Soldering 

Menus H 244-263 

combinations and varieties H 259-260 

selection for ease in cooking H 308 

variety, essential H 262 

See also Diet; Food; Marketing 

Mercury vapor lamps E 155-156* 

Metal work 

alloys. . M 208 

andirons, forging M 363-370* 

belt buckle, designs M 195* 

bending process M 315 

blotter pad, corners for M 122-124* 

bossing up M 208,419 

bowl 

making M 13*, 16-22* 

Dutch bowls M 77-79* 

finger bowls M 133-135* 

brazing metals M 310-315 

chasing M 209 

coloring metals D 357 

blue black M 205 

heating process M 203 

oxidizing silver M 204 

patina, imitation M 202 

solution for M 204 

violet M 203 

corners for chest M 116 

for desk pad . . M 122-124* 

decorative forgings, suggestions D 364 

metal work M 410-419* 

definitions of terms M 208-211 

designing patterns M 13-14* 

die making M 206-208 

door handles, making M 406, 407, 416*, 417 

door knockers M 410-415* 

door pulls M 415* 

drawer pulls 

designs M 144* 

making M 417-419* 

drawing process M 315 

embossing . M 30, 31 

process M 361 

engraving process M 361 

escutcheon plate M 412* 

etching M 362 

eye bolt M 415, 418 

facets M 22* 

oval M 39 

flux M 209 

forming process M 315 



GUIDE AND INDEX 199 

. PAGE 

Metal work — Continued 

hammering M £2*, 30, 39 

handles 

cedar chest M 116 

crum scraper M 136* 

hinges 

cabinet M 106* 

cedar chest M \iq 

copper or silver M 100-106* 

fine hinges M 103* 

riveting to box M 114* 

tube hinges M 101-103* 

binding tubes in place M 105* 

wings, making M 104* 

impressing M 361 

inlaying . M 362 

lanterns M 405-406* 

letter openers M 128* 

lids M 59*, 62*, 120, 139 

lock plates M 105, 116 

molds 

makmg , M 27-28* 

value of M 31 

pickling metals M 210 

planishing ' M 210 

processes other than smithing operations M 361-363 

repairing by brazing M 314 

repousse 

definition M 210 

design M 30* 

ring and ring post for box M 120 

riveting M 73-77* 

handles M 88 

iron tongs M 288* 

process M 73, 76* 

rivets, making ISl 77 

splitting iron or soft steel M 362, 364-365* 

tools for M 5-15*, 208-211 

trimmings 

for cedar chest M 115-117* 

for cigar box M 115-117* 

tubing for hinges, making ^NI 101-103* 

twisting process ^1 315 

upsetting, definition M 315 

wire, reducing size of M 101 

See also Annealing; Blackiimilliiug; i>rass work; Candlestick; 
Copper work; Enamel and Enameling; Fire tools; Forging; 
Ironwork; Silver work; Soldering; Steel; Tempering; Tools; 
Welding 
Meteorology. See Barometer; Hail; Lightning; Rain; Thermome- 
ter; Weather 



200 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Meter. See Ammeter; Electric-meters; Gas-meters; Voltmeter; 
Wattmeter 

Metric system M 500-503 

Mexican drawnwork N 211* 

Mice 

as pets K 184 

pests H 361 

Microbes 

tetanus B 249 

Mignonette 

annual G 322 

characteristics G 330 

choosing and planting G 158 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 

Mildew 

removing stains H 359 

Milk 

boiling point H 277 

book about A 517 

food value H 250, 254 

goat's milk, value A 115 

marketing A 247 

removing ink and rust stains with . ^ H 359 

testing for butter fat A 243 

sanitary and unsanitary methods of milking .... A 245-247 

Milking machine. Electric E 54 

Milkweed (Prickly lettuce) 

class and seed time G 278 

distribution of seed G 273 

Mimeograph B 416 

Minerals 

collecting K 156 

Mining machinery 

centrifugal check hook B 326* 

Mink 

breeding season A 483 

skin 

stretching A 507 

value A 484, 506 

skinning A 507* 

trapping A 483-484 

Minnows 

catching K 132-133* 

Mirrors. See Glass 

Mission furniture 

book case, making C 352 

clock case, making C 277-278* 

foot rests, making C 374, 375* 

library table, making C 360-367* 

making C 361-376 

plant stands, making C 372-373* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 201 

PAGE 

Mission furniture — Continued 

tabourette, making C 308-310* 

tea table, making .^ C 367-372* 

umbrella rack, making C 375* 

writing desk, design C 375* 

Mission oak finish D 231 

Mississippi River 

proposed dam across B 246 

Mitchell, Frank 

Success with chickens A 163 

Mitre box 

making and testing C 228-231* 

Mitred joints. C 232-234*, 256*, D 143-146* 

Model house. See Architecture 

Modeling. See Pottery 

Molasses 

food value H 254 

Mole 

fur A 491 

habits A 489 

trapping A 489-491 

Mollusks 

preserving specimen A 374 

Money. See Accounts; Allowances; Income 

Mongolian pheasants A 197 

Monogram 

embroidering N 152-154 

Monoplane 

construction of B 171-173* 

toy model, making C 75-83* 

Months 

lunar and calendar B 214 

Moon 

diameter B 229 

distance from earth B 229 

light, origin B 214 

orbit B 216 

phases B 215* 

rotation B 216 

See also Tides 

Moon flower 

characteristics G 331 

Moon vine 

value G 359 

Moore, D. McFarland ^ ^ 

inventor of Moore light ^ ^^^ 

Moore electric lamp ^"^ ^^^ 

Mops 

kinds and uses ^^ ^^^ 

Morels 

mushrooms A 86 



208 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Morning glory 

characteristics G 331 

sowing and blossoming time G161 

value G 359 

Morris, William 

rule for household possessions H 115 

Morris chair 

construction D 188-193* 

designs D 50*, 189* 

history of designs D 188 

wood finish D £37 

Morrison, Arthur 

budget of housekeeping expenses H 78 

Morse, Samuel Finley Breese 

inventor of the telegraph E 60 

Mortise and tenon joints C 250*, i55*, 256*, 415 

Mosquitoes 

book about A 519 

breeding places A 474 

enemies of A 475, K 168 

eradicating A 473-475 

protection from, in camping K 70 

Moss pink 

characteristics G 364 

Moths 

baiting A 400-402, K 153-154 

collecting and mounting K 151-153 

collecting time A 388 

development from the egg A 393-395 

how they come out of the cocoon A 347 

pests H 362 

See also Silkworm 

Motion. See Mechanical movements 

Motor boat. See Boat building; Gasolene motor; Launch 

Motor cycles 

engines B 387-391* 

Motors. See Aeroplanes; Automobiles; Dynamos; Electric motors; 
Engines; Gasolene motors; Locomotives; Steam engines; 
Vacuum cleaner; Water wheel 

Molding. See Metal work; Pottery 

Molds 

concrete block molds B 243 

concrete furniture molds D 202 

die making M 206-208 

metal work M 27-28, 31 

Mount Mellick stitch N 143 

Mountain climbing 

healthfulness of K 17 

Mountains 

snow line B 368 



GUIDE AND INDEX 203 

PAGE 

Mounting specimens. See Insects; Plants; Seaweed 

Mouse club 

membership K 184 

Movements. See Mechanical movements 

Moving toys. See Toys 

Muffins 

mixing ingredients H 302 

Mulberry leaves 

food for silkworms A 337 

Mullein, moth 

class and seed time G 278 

habits and characteristics G 347 

Mumblety peg K 374 

Mushrooms 

book about A 516 

chanterelles, identifying A 89 

cooking A 84, 87 

coprinus comatus A 90 

coral fungi 

cookmg A 87 

identifying . A 86 

edible varieties A 83*, 85-92 

food value H 255 

inky caps, identifying A 90 

meadow mushrooms A 89 

morels, identifying and gathering A 86* 

oyster mushrooms, identifying A91 

propagation A 88 

puff balls 

cooking A 84 

identifying A 83-84, 87-89 

varieties A 88-89 

shaggy manes A 90 

where to get information about A91 

Music 

transmitted by telephone ^ ^^^ 

Musical instruments. See Organ; Piano; Pipe organ; Telharmuumm 

Musk 

characteristics ^ ^31 

Muskmelon 

American, outdoor planting ^ ^ '^^^ 

English, how grown ^ 807-30S 

food value ^ ^^'^'^ 

indoor planting time ^^ ^^'^ 

seeds, germination per cent ^' ^^^^ 

Muskrat 

book about A 519 

food A 509 

fur, value A 491 

houses A o03 

river trapping ^ ''^^ 



204 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Muskrat — Continued 

setting and baiting traps A 504 

skinning A 507* 

skins, value A 506 

swamp trapping A 503 

trapping A 492 

season A 504 

Mustard, wild 

class and seed time G 278 

Mutton 

cuts and their uses H 270 

food value, table H 253 

My heritage H 63-68 

Myrtle 

characteristics G 365 



N 

Nail puller 

making M 353* 

Nails 

boxes for, making C 206-209* 

cabinet for, making C 209-212* 

driving into plaster walls . C 246 

holding power B 46-47 

sinking nails C 208* 

Napkin 

marking N 157 

See also Table linen 

Napkin rings 

silver or copper work M 191-192* 

Naphtha 

cleaning properties H 332 

Narcissus 

easy to grow G 166 

poets narcissus, planting and blooming time G 177 

varieties distinguished G 169 

water bulbs G 168, 175 

Nasturtium 

characteristics .^ G 323. 328, 329, 332 

dwarf, characteristics G 332 

planting G 83, 156 

Natural resources 

conservation A 92-94 

by specimen collectors A 362 

Nature study 

keeping a diary K 148-149 

making a beginning K 144-150 

methods K 150 

mineral collections K 156 

practical side K 167 



GUIDE AND INDEX 205 

PAGE 

Nature study — Continued 

water life K 158-167 

water telescope K 159 

See also Insects; Plants; Shells; Silkworm 

Necklace 

silver work M 166-170* 

Neckties. See Ties 

Needham, John 

Reclaiming a spring A 280-282 

Needlecase 

making N 46-47* 

Needlecraft. See Basket making; Bead work; Braiding; Crochet- 
ing; Drawnwork; Dressmaking; Embroidery; Irish crochet; 
Knitting; Lace making; Leather work; Sewing 

Nemophila 

characteristics G 331 

Nernst lamp E 157 

Nets 

• butterfly net K 151* 

collector's net for water specimen K 158* 

making, for insect collecting A 376-378 

Newspapers 

cleaning lamps with H 138 

polishing glass with H 134 

Newton, Sir Isaac 

corpuscular theory of light E 344 

theory of tides B 217-218 

Newts 

taming A 266 

Nigger baby (Game) K 381 

Nile River 

dam across B 247 

Nitrates 

plant food . G 10, 221, 223 

for sandy soil G 224 

Norfolk Island pine G 196 

Norway pine. See Pine — red 

Notched joints C 255* 

Notched trophy stick C 11* 

Nut hatch . 

insect destroyer A 456 

Nutrition. See Diet; Food 

Nuts 

beech nuts A 37-39 

book about A 516 

chinquapins A 32 

food value H 255 

grading for market A 42 

growing A 43-46 

from seeds A 46 

hazel nuts A 33-35 



206 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Nuts — Continued 

hickory nuts A 39 

pecans A 40-43 

pine nuts A 29 

tree seeds A 46 

care of A 48 

use of A 46 

walnuts A 35-37 

Nuts (Iron) 

forging M 244-246* 



O 

Oak 

antique, stain for C 489 

black jack or barren oak, characteristics C 554 

black or yellow, characteristics C 554 

chestnut oak, characteristics C 552 

durability of wood •. C 494 

Flemish oak stain D 231 

forest green oak finish D 232 

fuming D 233-234 

golden oak finish D 229 

gray oak stain D 232 

laurel oak, characteristics C 555 

live oak, characteristics G 367 

mission oak finish D 231 

mossy-cup or bur oak, characteristics C 551 

oak gall K 147 

pin oak, characteristics C 553, G 367 

post or iron oak, characteristics C 552 

quahty of G 79 

quarter-sawed C 551*, D 131-132 

red, characteristics C 552 

scarlet, characteristics C 553 

stains, list of C 482 

swamp white oak, characteristics C 552 

weathered oak stain D 233 

white, characteristics C 549-551 

willow oak, characteristics C 554 

Oats 

depth to plant seeds G 235 

Obelisks 

moving B 56-57 

Occupations 

berry picking A 8-13 

best ways of earning money A 3-6 

birds, attracting A 455-461 

carriage cleaning A 408 

character building A 6-7 

choosing A 6 



GUIDE AND INDEX 207 

PAGE 

Occupations — Continued 

cider vinegar, making A 412-417 

collecting Christmas greens A 50-57 

collecting insects A 374-403 

collecting plants A 94-99, 349-374 

collecting tree seeds A 46-50 

collecting useful plants, flowers, grasses, etc A 57-69 

collecting wood for rustic furniture A410 

corn, drying A 427-428 

corn, selecting seed A 410-412* 

fall work, list of A 5 

forest fires, preventing A 467-468 

game preserve, creating A 464-467 

grape juice making A 417-421 

harvesting nature's crops A 8-99 

keeping bees • • ; A 287-336 

kindhng wood, gathering . . . . • A 404-408 

lavender sticks, making A 424 

leaf mold, making . A 421-424 

making brooks and springs useful . . . . . . .A 271-286 

maple sugar making . A 69-78 

mosquitoes and flies, exterminating A 473-478 

mushroom gathering A 83-94 

nuts, gathering and growing A 29-45 

odd jobs A 404-448 

orchard work A 409* 

outdoor worker's library A 516-519 

raising animals for pets A 203-240 

raising domestic animals A 100-202 

silkworms, raising A 337-348 

snow shoveling A 431-432 

spring work, list of A 6 

summer work, list of A 5 

tennis court, making A 428-431 

training animals A 241-270 

trapping .A 478-512 

weeds, killing A 469-473 

wild fruit, gathering A 14-29 

winter work, list of A 5 

year-round, list of A 6 

See also Housekeeping 

Ocean. See Tides 

Odd jobs A 404-448 

Oersted, Hans Christian 

discovery of magnetic action of currents E 14 

discoverer of magnetic field about an electric current . . . E 353 

Ohm, George Simon 

Ohm's law ... ^ E 92-93 

Oil cloth as a floor covering H 191 

Oil engines. See Gas and oil engines 



208 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Oil furnace 

heating steel in M 290 

Oil lamp. See Lamp, oil 
Oil nut. See Butternut 
Oilstone 

sharpening tools C 183* 

Okra 

germination per cent G 233 

Olympic games 

events contested for K 372 

One old cat (Game) K 375 

Onion 

food value H 255 

indoor planting time G 233 

insect pests G 291 

peeling H 294 

planting seed 

depth and distance to plant G 42 

quantity to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 

planting sets and seed G 309-310 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination per cent G 233 

germination period G 32 

soil for G 23, 309 

Open air life. See Outdoor life 
Opening the house. See Housekeeping 
Opossum 

bait for A 509 

skin, value A 509 

Orange 

food value H 255 

Orange root G 348, 365 

Orchard. See Fruit trees 
Organ 

electric E 55, 278-279* 

pipe organ E 44-52 

telharmonium E 293-295 

Oriental rug 

washing A 447 

Oriole . 

insect eater A 457 

migration K 176 

Omithoptere flying machine B 163 

Osage orange 

hedge shrub G 357 

Osmium lamp 

metal filament E 145 

Oswego tea G 333, 347 

Outdoor furniture. See Furniture 



GUIDE AND INDEX 209 

PAGE 

Outdoor games. See Games 

Outdoor life 

sleeping outdoors A 6-9, 52* 

value of K 6 

See also Camping 

Outdoor sports. See Sports 

Outdoor work 

free printed matter, how to obtain A 513-516 

occupations suited to the four seasons A 5 

odd jobs A 404-448 

See also Occupations 

Outlining. See Marking 

Ovens 

camp ovens K 80-82* 

clay K 81 

dampers for regulating H 229 

Dutch K 81 

electric E 305-308 

reflector K 80, 81* 

temperatiu-e for baking and roasting H 282, 283 

Owl 

as a pet K 184 

Oxen 

trained oxen, value of A 258-259 

Ovster 

broiling H 275-276 

cleaning H 291 

food value H 253 

opening H 290 

testing H 291 

Oyster mushroom A 91 

P 

Packing 

books H 349 

fixtures H 348-349 

furs and woolens H 347 

textile furnishings H 348 

Paint 

cleaning woodwork H 122, 124, 134 

removing stains H 359 

stenciling N 81-82 

Painting (Mechanical) 

brushes H 342 

mixing paints H 342 

preparing surface H 341 

summer house C 424 

Palms 

care of G 198 

varieties to grow G 198 



210 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Panama canal 

cement used for B 246 

Pandanus 

window box plant G 193 

Pansy 

care of bed G 318 

characteristics G 329, 331 

picking flowers G 319 

planting seeds G 318 

to prevent running out G 319 

tufted, characteristics G 334 

Pantagraph B 325* 

making C 389* 

Pantry 

arrangement H 177 

plan in model house D 12 

See also Dish w^ashing 

Paper hanging 

applying paste H 345 

matching and cutting H 344 

putting on paper H 345 

quantity of paper required H 343 

removing old paper H 344 

Paper knife 

carving designs C 122* 

copper work D 347*. M 34-38*, 126-128* 

whittling C 121-123* 

Papier-mache letters for marking N 156 

Par (Game) K 347 

Parabolas 

describing B 338* 

Parasites 

eggplant pests G 305 

Paris green 

insecticide G 282, 285, 288, 290, 292 

rule for mixing G 130 

Paris sewers 

described by Victor Hugo H 216 

Parsley G 310 

planting seed 

depth to plant G 42, 235 

distance to plant G 42 

in a box G 164 

quantity to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination per cent G 233 

Parsnips 

food value H 255 

planting seed G 310 



GUIDE AND INDEX 211 

PAGE 

Parsnips, planting seed — Continued 

time to plant G 234 

wild parsnips, class and seed time G 278 

Partridge 

migration K 176 

Pass it (Game) K 375 

Passe partout D 72-78* 

color scheme D 73-74 

materials and tools D 75 

process D 75-78* 

Paste 

receipt H 346 

for leather work N 88, 95, 96 

Pastry 

filling pies H 304 

juices, to prevent boiling over H 305 

mixing the dough H 303, 304 

soggy crust, preventing H 304 

Patching 

square patch , N 33-35* 

Patents 

applying for B 200-201, 205 

Canadian . ^ B 207 

caveat, provisional protection B 206 

drawings and specifications B 202-205 

duration B 205 

fees for application *. . . . B 205, 206 

in a foreign country B 208 

re-issuing B 205 

time required to procure B 205 

what granted for B 206 

Patterns. See Embroidery; Dressmaking; Stenciling 

Peach trees 

care of seeds for planting A 48 

distance to plant trees G 258 

Peacock 

care and feeding of young chicks A 186 

habits of the hen A 186 

Indian peacock, value A 187 

raising A 185-188 

acquiring information about A 187 

Peanuts 

food value H 256 

Pear 

distance to plant trees G 258 

food value H 255 

Peas 

food value H 250, 255 

insect pests G 291 

planting seed G 311 

quantity to plant G 36 



212 






GUIDE 


AND 


INDEX 


PAGE 




Peas, 


planting 


seed - 


- Continued 











time to plant G 234 

seed 

age for planti:.^ G 34 

germination per cent G 33, 233 

germination period G 32 

Peasants 

German embroidery work N 196 

Russian applique work N 198 

Pecan 

commercial value A 42, 43 

cultivating A 40-41 

gathering A 41-42 

grading A 42-43 

polishing for market A 43 

Peen of hammer. See Hammer 

Pelota (Game) K 376 

Pelts. See Skins 

Pen rack 

design and making C 117-119* 

Pen tray 

gouge work C 2o9*, 263* 

Pen wiper 

tooled leather D 329-330* 

Pencil box 

making and carving C 106-108* 

Pencil sharpener 

drawing and making C 38* 

Pendulum 

compound bar, compensation pendulum B 330* 

mercurial compensation pendulum B 329* 

Pennant 

yacht pennant B 107 

Peony 

annuals G 316 

arrangement in the garden G 321 

Chinese, characteristics G o35, 365 

depth to plant G 321 

European, characteristics G 3S5 

garden, characteristics G 365 

planting and blooming time G 179 

Pepper 

indoor planting time G 233 

planting and transplanting G SI 1-312 

planting seed 

depth and distance to plant G 42 

quantity to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 

seed 

age for planting G Si 

germination per ceul G 2G3 



GUIDE AND INDEX 213 

PAGE 

Pepper, seed — Continued 

germination period G 32 

stuffing, varieties for G 312 

varieties G 312 

Pepper bush, sweet 

characteristics G 356 

Perennials 

definition of. G 160 

for cut flowers: table G 333 

fragrant: table G 333 

low: table G 334 

medimn height: table G 335 

tall: table G 334 

value of G 316 

Pergola 

designing and building C 425-440* 

Perpetual motion B 306 

impossibility of E 234-237 

Persimmons 

picking A 23 

region grown A 22 

Pests. See Household pests; Insect pests; Mice; Rats 

Pets 

book about A 517 

care of K 170-192 

housing C 451-456*, K 186 

ornamental land and water fowl K 180-182 

raising A 203-240 

story of a boy's animal cage A 233-235 

taming wild animals K 186 

trained, market value A 248 

See also Bantams; Birds; Cats; Cavies; Crows; Dogs; Ducks; 
Gold Fish; Guinea pigs; Mice; Pigeons; Poultry; Rabbits; 
Raccoon; Shetland pony; Squirrels 

Petunia 

characteristics G 329 

good bloomers G 323 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 

Pheasant 

book about A 517 

breeds A 197 

coops and rearing ground A 200-201 

eggs, packing A 199 

feeding young chicks A 200 

localities in United States for raising A 198 

migration K 176 

protection from birds of prey A 202 

raising A 196-202 

care of mother A 199 

in England A 199 

serving in German fashion A 197 



214 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Pheasant — Continued 

varieties K 181 

See aho Guinea fowl 

Phlox 

characteristics G 330, 331, 332, 365 

late, characteristics G 335 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 

Phoebe bird 

insect destroyers A 457 

migration K 175 

Phosphates 

plant food G 10, 221, 224 

Photography K 301-317 

action of chemical waves E 336 

cameras, kinds and cost K 303-304 

dark room K 309 

developers and developing K 313-315 

exposure K 312 

fixing bath K 314, 315 

focusing K 311-312 

lens, importance of K 307 

negatives, preserving K316 

plates versus films K 308 

printing papers K 315 

snap shots, taking K 305-307 

snap shots versus real photography K 302 

subjects, choosing K 310 

Piano, Electric E 54 

Pickerel weed 

characteristics G 366 

Pickles 

walnuts A 37 

Pickling metals 

definition M 210 

Picks (tools) 

forging stone picks M 344* 

Picnic tables and benches 

making B 132-134 

Picture frames and framing 

carbon photographs of a masterpiece, framing . . . . D 69-72 

car\'ing designs C 101, 102, 130-132 

colonial interiors in colors, framing D 68 

gluing mitred joints D 144-146* 

joints 

kind required D 147 

mitred D 143-144*, C 232-234* 

large photographic reproduction, framing D 148 

palette photograph frame C 131 

passe partout D 72-78* 

rabbeting C 232* 

selecting D 67 



GUIDE AND INDEX 215 

PAGE 

Picture frames and framing — Continued 

shrinkage D 146 

silver work M 185-186* 

staining D 69. 71 

stock, secm-ing D 142-143* 

whittling back for C 131 

whittling out of solid piece C 19-22* 

Pictures D 64-80* 

cleaning H 135 

decorative value D 64 

grouping and hanging D 66-67 

hanging correctly D 79* 

considering space values D 64-65 

height to hang D 80 

hooks and wires D 78-80 

Japanese way of hanging D 65-66 

Piers 

foundation walls B 19 

filling space between B 76 

Pies. See Pastry 

Pig. See Swine 

Pig iron . • -, M 230 

Pig pen. See Swine 

Pig weed 

class and seed time G 278 

Pigeon holes. See Filing cabinet 

Pigeons 

breeds ^ ..;.... A 208, K178 

prize winners K 179 

carrier pigeons K 180 

characteristics A 207 

common, care of K 179 

devotion of male A 211 

dove cote A 208-209 

care of A 215 

for fancy breeding K 179 

sanitary provisions A 213 

dragoons K 178 

fancy pigeons for pets A 207-217 

feeding . A 214, K 179 

fly made of wire A 212* 

market value K 179 

nest building A 210 

nest dishes A 210, 211 

nesting compartment, building A 209-210 

net for capturing A 209* 

perches, making A 210 

pests, guarding against A 209 

pouter K 178 

roosts, making A 210* 

rufflenecks (Jacobins) K 178 



216 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Pigeons — Continued 

tumblers, characteristics A 208, K 178 

water bath A 214 

white fan tail, model K 178 

See also Squabs 

Pile driving machine 

releasing hook B 326* 

Pillow 

bead work N 293 

choosing cushion covers D 97 

cornhusks for filling cushions A 63 

fraternity pillow N 376 

lingerie pillow N 375 

making for doll-bed N 52 

See also Block printing; Stenciling 

Pillow case 

making for doll-bed N 53* 

marking N 157 

Pillow shams 

fasterdng H 152 

Pin 

insect pins A 380 

metal work tool M 210 

Pin case 

making N 56* 

Pin cushion 

embroidered N 193-196 

Pin tray 

gouge work C 264* 

Pine 

cones, gathering and storing A 49 

Georgia pine, characteristics C 535 

long leaf A 55 

pitch pine, characteristics C 536 

red, characteristics C 536 

white 

characteristics C 535 

strength , C 496 

white pine seeds 

gathering and curing A 48-49 

marketing A 49 

yellow, characteristics C 536 

Pine needles. See Balsam 

Pine nuts 

gathering A 29 

Pink 

characteristics G 329 

fringed, characteristics G 333 

moss pink, characteristics G 364 

Pioneer life 

*'goin' plummin'" A 26-29 



GUIDE AND INDEX 217 

PAGE 

Pipe organ 

operating by electricity , . . . E 44-52 

Pipes. See Plumbing; Soldering; Stove pipe; Waste pipes 

Pistil 

seed making function G 247 

Pistons 

mechanism of B 315-316* 

Pitch block 

definition of M 210 

Pitch fork 

forging M 239* 

Pitcher plant 

characteristics G 366 

Plackets. See Dressmaking 

Plaited skirts. See Dressmaking 

Plane. See Inclined plane 

Planes and planing 

adjusting planes C 177 

block plane C 176, 178 

cap iron, adjustment and use C 184* 

jack plane . C 178 

operation of the plane . . . . C 146, 178-179, D 133-134, 136 

sharpening plane irons C 179-184* 

smooth plane C 177* 

use of shooting board C 106* 

wooden and iron . . . C 176* 

Planishing 

definition of M 210 

Plant breeding 

budding G 251-254 

improving seeds G 246-248 

layering G 249-251 

methods G 249 

mongrel varieties from close planting G 105, 145 

seed selection G 225-233 

slipping G 188-190 

topping G 199, 250-251 

Plant food G 221-226 

chemicals essential for G 221 

how plants feed G 225 

nitrogen G 10, 221 

for sandy soil G 224 

source of G 223 

phosphorus G 10, 221, 224 

potash G 10, 221, 224 

source and value of G 10 

Plant stands 

jardiniere of wood G 68-71* 

mission style, making C 372-373* 

stool making G 53-S5* 



218 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Plantain 

rib-grass, class and seed time G 278 

seed production G 274 

Planting tables. See Flower gardening; Seeds; Shrubs; Vegetable 
gardening 

Plants 

action of chemical waves E 336 

books about A 518 

effect of light G 242 

essential parts G 240 

food manufactured and stored by G 242-245 

herbaceous plants, definition G 317 

honey or pollen plants A 322 

leaves 

food factory G 242-245 

functions G 240 

lice, destroying G 284, 291, 293 

life history G 239-248 

making wooden labels for G 58* 

medicinal plants A 57 

root-system G 240-241 

stems, passage way G 241 

studying A 349-369 

transplanting G 118, 268-270 

from coldframe G 101-102 

useful to attract birds and protect trees A 461 

See also Flower gardening; Flowers; Gardening; Insect pests; 
Plant breeding; Plant food; Salad plants; Seeds; Vegetable 
gardening; Vegetables; also names of plants 

Plants — Collection and preservation A 349-363 

arranging specimens A 352-353 

blue printing A 360-362 

classifying specimens A 356-359 

drying specimens A 353 

labeling specimens A 356, K 156 

marketing collection A 360 

mounting specimens A 353-356, K 155 

outfit for A 352 

preser\'ing in covers A 356 

reasons for collecting A 349-350, 360 

representing different stages of growth A 359-360 

rules of the game A 362 

seaweed A 362-374 

Play 

importance of K 4-5 

Playhouse H 3-40 

in flats and apartments H 8 

in garret H 5 

in a tree H 3 

make believe H 8, 18 



GUIDE AND INDEX 219 

PAGE 

Playthings 

make believe H 11-12 

See also Toys 

Pleurisy root X. . . . G 348. 365 

Pliers 

carpenter's tool C 199* 

metal worker's tool M 6* 

Plug in the ring (Game) K 376 

Plum 

care of seeds for planting A 48 

distance to plant trees G 258 

origin and distribution of wild plums A 24 

value of trees in chicken yards K 204 

Plumb-line 

home-made device G 114 

Plumbing . ,. • H 213-223 

care of, in closed houses H 348 

importance of H 219 

leaks, peppermint test B 254 

location of pipes for housekeeper H 216 

principle of the U H 216-218* 

taps, repairing B 255 

traps, construction and care H 217-218 

ventilation pipes H 319 

See also Soldering; Waste pipes 

Pocket book. See Pm-se 

Point lace. See Lace making 

Poison Ivy 

destroying A 472-473 

Poisoning. See Lockjaw 

Poker 

making fire tools M 371* 

Pokeweed 

roots and berries A 58 

shoots as food A 58 

Polish and polishing 

French polish C 490 

wax polish C 490 

See also Brass work; Copper work; Enamel; Floors; Furni- 
ture; Glass; Metal work 

Pollination of plants G 247 

corn growing G 145 

Polo 

equestrian K 377 

hand polo K 356 

water polo K 392 

wicket polo K 393 

Pompey's pillar B 57 

Pond making in a city back yard G 134-136 

Ponderosa 

indoor plant G 196 



220 GUroE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Pony as a pet A 203-205 

Poplar 

Carolina G 367 

characteristics C 563 

for landscape gardening G 353 

quick growers G 79 

Popp-mallow 

characteristics G 334 

Poppy 

characteristics G 328, 331 

depth to plant seeds G 235 

Iceland, sowing and blossom incj time G 161 

in England G 271 

Oriental, characteristics G 335 

planting G 84, 158 

plume, chcaicc I eristics G 334 

self-sowing G 316 

transplanting G 156 

Porcupine quills 

how to procure A 68 

uses A 69 

Pork 

cuts and their uses H 270 

food value H 253 

combined with vegetables H 259 

used as chicken H 358 

Porterhouse steak H 269 

Portieres 

bead work N 290-293 

stenciling N 81 

weaving designs D 260-261 

See also Block printing 

Portland cement 

origin and uses B 246-248 

Portulaca 

blooming plants G 323 

characteristics G 328 

Posts 

preserving undergroimd C 402 

See also Foundations 

Pot rest G 68-71* 

Pot roast H 268 

Potash 

plant food G 10, 221, 224 

Potato 

boiled or baked H 280 

food value H 255 

insect pests G 287, 292 

planting seed potatoes G 129 

cutting de\dce A 437-439* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 221 

PAGE 

Potato, planting seed potatoes — Continued 

depth and distance to plant G 42 

quantity to plant G 36 

profit from raising G 130 

spraying G 130 

soil for G 129 

Potato race K 378 

Pots and pans 

care of H 198, 201 

materials H 201 

soldering M 43-45 

Potted plants. See Flower gardening 

Pottery D 280-320* 

bat and how made D 286 

"bisque," meaning D 301 

bowl 

decorating D 294-299* 

designing and modeling D 287-294* 

candlestick, designing D 313-315* 

clay, selecting D 284 

coiling method D 283, 291* 

concrete pottery D 207-209* 

decoration 

applying the design D 297-298 

classes D 295-297* 

color combinations D 303-304 

methods D 294 

modeling a decoration D 298 

under-glazing D 298-299 

designing ^ D 288-290* 

avoiding natural forms D 290 

testing profiles D 290* 

development of D 280-281 

fern dish D 310-313* 

firing D 299-301 

glazed pottery D 306 

glazes, matt and bright glaze mixes D 303 

glazing D 301-307* 

grinding the glaze D 302 

"grog" making. D 316 

handles, making D 309* 

kiln, portable D 300* 

materials and tools D 284-287* 

template D 292* 

modeling process D 290-292* 

potter's wheel versus hand method D 282-283 

scientific principle of D 281 

scraping D 293* 

"slip," meaning D 294 

testing work D 292* 

tiles for tea plate and fireplace D 315-320* 



222 GUIDE AND INDEX 



PAGE 



Pottery — Continued 

tools D 285-287 

vases, designing and decorating D 307-310* 

Poultry A 132-178, K 193-207 

accounts, how to keep A 153, 157, 168, 172 

acquiring information A 187 

amateur's experience with A 166-168 

American breeds K 195 

Asiatic breed K 195 

Bantams, breeding and care A 217-218 

books about A 517 

Brahmas K 195 

breeding pure stock A 156 

purpose of K 177 

breeds, characteristics A 220-222, K 194-195 

broilers, raising K 195 

fattening for market A 152-153 

brooders, making A 175, K 199 

broody hens, curing A 144 

business methods in poultry raising A 153-159 

care and housing A 133-143, K 193-207 

city experiment with A 159 

cleanliness ^ A 142-143, 146 

clipping wings K 207 

Cochins K 195 

cooking 

broilmg ^ H 275-276 

preparation for H 285-288 

coops, model A 147-151* 

crested variety, care of A 222 

drawing poultry H 287 

dust bath for A 141*, K 206 

eggs 

best layers . K 195 

cost of, for settings K 196 

effect of feeding on layers A 171 

keeping a record for idlers A 157* 

of fancy fowls A 221 

quality affected by feed A 146 

selections for settings A 148 

testing layers A 154-155* 

winter laying K 205-206 

exercise, provisions for A 138, 146 

expenses of one experiment A 176 

experiments A 159-177 

fancy breeds and their care A 219-222, K 194-195 

fattening broilers for market A 152, 153 

feathers, marketing A 159 

food value table H 253 

fruit trees in the chicken yard K 204 

Hamburgs, characteristics A 220 



GUIDE AND INDEX 223 

PAGE 

Poultry — Continued 
hatching 

average number from a setting K 196 

time required for eggs to hatch . . . .A 148, K 198, 201 

hen gate. A 158* 

Houdans, characteristics . A 220 

incubators A 175 

average time for eggs to hatch K 198, 199 

operating K 197-199 

killing ^ H 286 

Lakenvelders, characteristics A 220 

Langshans K 195 

Laying hens. See Poultry, eggs 

Leghorns K 195 

eggs ; . . A 221 

in a prize contest . A 160-163 

lice 

on small chicks A 148, K 201 

preventing A 143 

marketing A 156-159 

Mediterranean breeds K 195 

molting season A 145 

nests for sitting hens A 147 

non-sitters K 195 

ornamental land and water fowl as pets K 180-182 

cost of ... K 181 

Orpingtons, record price K 194 

plucking H 286 

Plymouth rocks . . . K 195 

Polish varieties A 220 

prize contests, stories of A 160-164 

prize-winning Orpingtons K 194 

profit in ... K 193 

ranging versus housing A 134 

runs, cornfields for A 176 

selection of, for cooking H 271 

shows, purpose of K 177 

sitting hens 

coops for .A 147-148*, 150 

feeding A 144 

nests for . A 147 

raising , , , ^ K 200-201 

starting a business with eggs versus chickens ... K 195-196 

stories of success in raising A 159-177 

thoroughbreds versus mongrels K 194 

training for poultry raising A 173 

trap nests for testing layers A 154-155* 

white Wyandotte A 168-172, K 195 

wild fowl, clipping wings K 81 

winter care . K 205-206 

young chicks, care of K 202-203, A 147-153 



224 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Poultry — Continued 

Yokahamas A 220 

See also Ducks; Game and game birds; Geese; Guinea fowl; 
Peacock; Poultry feeding; Poultry houses; Turkey 

Poultry feeding 

effect on quality of eggs A 146 

feeding six thousand hens in one half hour .... A 164-166 

growing feed A 153 

making hens lay A 171 

molting season A 145 

rack for feed pans, to prevent waste A 145* 

regularity essential A 146 

self-feed grain box A 139* 

self-feed grit box A 136* 

sitting hens A 144 

trough for feed, making C 450* 

winter feeding K 206 

young chicks A 150-153, K 199 

Poultry houses 

building a poultry house .... A 132-143*, C 441-450*, K 204* 

cleaning pro\'isions A 140, K 204 

construction principles A 135, C 441-442 

coops A 147-150* 

comers, finishing C 446* 

curtained shed A 138 

doors and windows A 137*, C 448 

dropping board A 140, C 449 

dust bath A 141*, K 206 

floors, cement A 137 

foundation C 443-444 

frame for window screen C 449 

framework of the house C 444-445* 

for an eleven dollar house A 133* 

furnishings A 139-142*, K 204* 

heat, planning for A 135 

location A 135, K 207 

materials A 136-137 

nests, location A 140-141, K 204 

roofing paper C 449 

roosts, making A 139, C 450, K 204 

runs A 141, 142, C 450, K 204 

sanitary principles A 142-143, 146 

scratchmg shed A 138, K 204, 205 

siding for frame C 445 

sleeping room K 204 

working drawings C 443, 447 

Powell. See Baden-Powell, Sir Robert 

Power 

dynamometer for measuring B 324* 

foot pound B 123 

problems in estimating B 82 



GUIDE AND INDEX 225 

PACE 

Power — Continued 

steam versus electricity E 3-5 

units of power B 122-125 

See also Electric power; Gasolene motors; Mechanics; Steam; 
Water power 

Precious stones 

bezel setting . . . M 152-157*, 163*, 176 

cutting metal away for setting M 157-159* 

prong setting M 159-161* 

selecting for rings M 152 

Preserves 

storing in cellar H 211 

See also Canning; Jam; Jelly 

Press copying methods B 418 

Pressing skirts N 73 

Prime roasts . H 269 

Printing 

block printing D 98-106 

Prisoner's base K 378 

Propeller. See Aeroplanes; Screw propeller 

Proteins 

effect of boUing H 277 

effect of cold water H 278 

food composition H 248 

foods containing H 250 

proportion in diet H 249, 252 

Proverbs 

Indian proverb about home making H 44 

Pruning 

hazel bushes A 35 

methods A 439-443* 

Puff balls A 83-84, 87-89 

Pulleys 

chain B 322* 

dynamometer B 324* 

endless chain B 310 

expanding B 321* 

mechanical principle of B 49-52* 

movable, theory of B 50-51* 

multiple B 51-52* 

rule for power B 63, 310 

snatch block B 50* 

Spanish bartons B 310* 

triangular eccentric B 311* 

use of B 43* 

White's pulley B 310* 

Pumpkin 

planting G 312 

depth and distance to plant G 42 

quantity of seed to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 



226 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Pumpkin, planting — Continued 

with corn G 117 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination per cent G 233 

striped beetle pests G 117 

Pumps 

action of B 235-236 

Archimedes screw B 143-145*, 344 

double acting B 346* 

force pumps B 236, 345 

lift pumps B 236, 345* 

plunger pump for vacuum cleaner B 379-381* 

theory of B 234-235 

See also Windmills 

Punch (Tool) 

centre punch, making M 297* 

metal work tool M 7* 

Pupa. See Insects 

Puppy. See Dogs 

Purdy, Carl 

collecting and growing California bulbs A 94-99 

Purling N 353* 

Purse 

bead work N 285-290* 

tooled leather, making D 340-342* 

See also Card case 

Purslane (Pursley) 

class and seed time G 278 

Push ball K 379 

Push button. See Electric push button 

Pyramids of Eg\T)t 

how they were built B 54-56 

Pyrography 

outfit C 330-331 

woods suitable for C 240, 330 

Pyrometric cones D 300* 

Q 

Quail. See Bob white 

Quaker ladies G 341 

Quarter sawed oak C 551, D 131-132* 

Queen Anne's lace G 349 

Quills, porcupine A 68 

Quoits K 379 

R 

Rabbeted joints C 255* 

Rabbit 

bait A 508 



GUIDE AND INDEX 227 

PAGE 

Rabbit — Continued 

breeds, common and fancj^ K 182, A 498 

care of K 185 

characteristics A 497 

enemies A 498 

fm*, value A 501 

house, construction C 451-454*, K 182-183* 

hunting A 500 

raising for pets A 206 

snares, making A 500 

story of a boy's animal cage . A 234 

Raccoon 

bait for A 509 

habits A 268 

skin, value ..... A 509 

story of a boy's animal cage A 234 

taming A 268-269 

Racing 

feather race K 347 

marathon race .' . . K 371 

potato race K 378 

sack race K 384 

three legged race K 390 

tub race K 390 

water race K 393 

Racquets or Rackets (Game) K 380 

Radiators 

steam as distributors of heat E 314 

Radish 

icicle G 95 

indoor planting time . . G 233 

insect pests G 291 

planting seed 

depth to plant G 42, 236 

distance to plant G 42 

quantity to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 

quick development . G 313 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination per cent G 233 

germination period G 32 

Raffia work N 250-277* 

basket makmg N 243, 250-252 

covers N 252 

handles N 255-256 

melon-shaped basket N 257-259* 

belts N 273-274 

braiding raffia N 262-263*, 268 

doll's hammock N 271 

doll's hat N 253-255* 



2^28 CODE AND INDEX 

PA6E 

Raffia work — Continued 

fringe N £74 

hats 

braiding N 263-264* 

trimming N 264, 268, 270 

weaving on wire frames N 264-268 

jewel case N 260-261* 

knotting raffia N 271-275* 

materials for N 250 

napkin ring X 252, 253* 

preparing the raffia X 262, 268 

shopping bag, knotted raffia N 272-273* 

skip stitch N 257 

Solomon's knot N 265 

spHt stitch N 257 

three strand braid N 268-270 

whisk broom N 275* 

winding stitch N 257 

Rafters. See Roofs 

Ragout H 269 

Ragweed 

class and seed time G 278 

Rain 

causes of. B 355-356 

drops, formation B 357-360 

shape B 360 

fall 

effect on forestation B 3(»1 

measuring B 349-353* 

recording B 362-363 

gauge, making B 350-353* 

importance of B 354 

period of rainfall B 360 

table for measures B 353 

weather symbol B 362 

Raisins 

food value H 255 

Raking G 265 

Ranges 

draughts and dampers H 227-230 

See also Gas range 

Raspberries 

food value H 255 

picking wild raspberries A 9 

Ratchet wheel 

mechanism B 322-324* 

Rats 

book about A 519 

electrocution device E 271-273* 

trapping A 496 



GUIDE AND INDEX 229 

PA«E 

Rattan work 

baskets N 243-248* 

mats N 247,* 249 

whisk broom holder N 249 

Reamur thermometer scale B 262 

Receipts 

barberry jelly A 17 

canning elderberries A16 

elderberry steamed pudding A16 

green grape jelly A 15 

pickled walnuts A 37 

thimbleberry jam All 

wild crabapple butter A 22 

See also Camping — Cooking; Cookery; Insecticides; Paste 

Red line, or Red lion (Game) K 381 

Red spider •. G 293 

Reed basket 

weaving G 61-64* 

Reel 

making a garden reel G 51* 

Refrigerator 

cleaning H 109, 241 

drainage, regulating II 240 

economy in ice supply H 242 

how to avoid odors H 241 

location H 240 

purifying H 242 

Remington typewriter B 403-409* 

Renaissance lace. See Lace 

Rent 

what proportion of income to use for H 74, 77, 78 

Repairing. See Furniture; Soldering 

Repousse 

definition of M 210 

Retaining walls 

batter, making B 244-245 

*'closers" B 244 

designing B 240-241* 

foundation B 238*, 245 

Galveston sea wall B 247 

"header" B 244 

pointing B 240 

"stretcher" B 244 

Rheosta.t. See Electric rheostat 

Rhubarb 

food value H 255 

Ribbon embroidery. See Embroidery 

Rice 

camp cooking K 00 

food value H 2.") I 

washing II 295 



230 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Rice — Continued 
wild rice 

characteristics A 78-79 

harvesting A 79 

uses of A 78, 79 

Richards, Ellen II. 

'Xost of living " quoted H 74 

Rifles 

aiming K 122 

care and cleaning K 123 

learning to use K 120-123 

Rings 

iron, welding M 248-250*, 254* 

silver work M 152-162* 

steel, making M 265* 

See also Precious stones 

Rivers 

protecting river banks B 237 

tides B 227, 229 

See also Retaining walls 

Riveting 

handles M 88 

iron tongs M 288* 

making rivets M 77 

metal M 73-77* 

metal worker's tool M 10* 

rivet set M 73 

silver letters on copper M 188-190* 

stove pipe . M 74 

Roads 

material for road-bed . '. G 85-86 

repairing dirt roads G 84-86 

Roast pig, story H 18 

Roasting 

meats H 282 

open fire for H 282 

thickness of food H 276 

Robbers 

Irish stew and the robbers: story H 15 

Robin 

insect destroyers A 457 

migration K 175 

Rock 

how soil was formed from G 213 

See also Boulders 

Rock garden 

flowers to plant in G 325 

location G 324 

plants G 340 

soil requirements G 325 



GUIDE AND INDEX 231 

PAGE 

Roentgen rays 

ether waves E 316 

Roley boley (Game) K 381 

Roller 

ball-bearing principle . B 28 

making wooden rollers C 268* 

moving rocks on rollers B 18 

Roman cut work N 138-142* 

Roof 

construction for summer house C 418-422* 

construction of frame C 465-469* 

cornices C 421 

hip roof, construction C 466* 

painting B 42, C 422 

rafters 

fitting C 467* 

making curved rafters C 418 

roofing paper C 419 

saddle boards C 421 

shingling . B 40-42, C 419-422* 

estimating shingles B 40 

nails required B 42 

square of shingling or clap boarding, meaning B 41 

Rooms. See Bedroom; Dining-room; Furniture; Girl's room; Guests; 
House decoration; Kitchen; Living-room; Pantry; Servants 

Ropes 

carrying power of hemp B 47 

preservative for hemp B 48 

strength of wire rope B 48 

Roque K 382 

Rose 

Christmas, characteristics G 333 

insect pests and remedies G 284, 293 

Irish crochet N 339-340, 344 

moss, characteristics G 332 

Rose chafer G 293 

Rose jar 

copper work M 56-60* 

Rose slug G 284 

Rotascope. See Gyroscope 

Rotation of crops G 149 

Round steak H 268 

Round Table, Knights of . 

how Gareth became a knight H 20 

Rowing 

intercollegiate record K 383 

Rubbed joints C 251* 

Rubber plant 

topping G 199, 250 

Rubbish 

disposal of G 263 



232 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Rubicon (Game) K 385 

Rugby football K 348 

Rugs 

bathroom H 156 

beating-rack A 444-446* 

braiding N 295-296* 

carpets versus rugs A 443-444 

cleaning A 443-448, H 128 

dry cleaning H 332 

kitchen H 193 

Oriental, washing A 447 

storing H 348 

washing A 446-447 

weaving D 252-260*, N 297-305* 

color combinations D 255 

designs D 252-253, 256-258*, N 302 

materials D 253, 258, N 301 

preparing the woof D 253-254 

process D 259-260. N 300-301 

setting the loom N 297-300 

woof shuttle D 254* 

Rulers 

carpenter's rule C 205 

parallel, mechanism of B 331* 

Run, sheep, run (Game) K 360 

Running 

hare and hound chases A 17 

Russia calf for tooled leather N 92 

Rustic furniture 

collecting wood for A 410 

suggestions for making D 209-211* 

Rye 

food value c . . . . H 254 

S 
Sable, Alaskan A 484 

Sachets 

herbs and grasses for A 65 

Sack racing K 384 

Sad iron. See Electric iron 
Saddles 

English, Mexican and army K 225-226* 

Safety valves for steam engines B 116 

Sage 

growing G 327 

Saint Francis of Assisi H 25 

Salad plant 

endive G 805 

lettuce G 306 

Salamander 

taming A 266 



GUIDE AND INDEX 233 

PAGE 

Salary, See Income 

Salmon 

bait for K 136* 

food value H 253 

Salt 

removing stains with H 358 

Salt cellar 

silver work M 183-184* 

Salt pork 

cuts H 270 

Salvia 

bedding plants G 324 

San Jose scale K 167 

Sand bag 

definition of . M 210 

Sand papering. See Whittling 

Sandy soil. See Soils 

Sanitation. See Garbage; Plumbing; Refrigerator; Sewerage 

Santos Dumont's monoplane B 167*, 175-177 

Sap. See Maple sugar 

Sardine 

food value H 253 

Sashes. See Doors; Windows 

Satin stitch N 147-149* 

combinations N 148-154* 

design N 158* 

Sauce 

wild crabapple A 22 

Sausage 

buckwheat cakes combination H 258 

food value: table H 253 

Sauteing H 281 

Saving 

methods H 83-85 

necessity and value H 82 

Savoury herb G 328 

Saw horse 

makmg C 143-149* 

Saw miUs C 522 

Saw^s 

band saw C 522 

brazing steel band saws M 313 

buck saw C 172* 

compass saw C 172* 

construction principles C 171-172* 

coping saw C 20* 

cross cut saws, principle and use C 170* 

danger of the power saw D 187 

gang saw C 5lC2 

hack saw C 175'" 

metal worker's tools M 9 



234 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Saws — Continued 

rating by points C 173 

rip saw, principle and use C 169* 

sawing copper work M 35-36* 

turning saw C 173* 

using, position for C 174* 

Saxifrage 

habits and characteristics G 340, 364 

Scabiosa i 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 

Scales 

mechanical principle B 24-25* 

Scalloping N 132-133*, 135 

Scallops 

cooking H 292 

Scarf 

crocheted N 318* 

Scarf pin 

silver work M 162-165* 

Scarfing M 254-257, 258 

wrench M 275* 

Scarlet runner beans G 297 

Scarlet sage G 324 

Scarlet tanagers 

insect destroyer A 457 

School grounds 

improving G 72-87 

Science 

value of study E 338-340 

Science club E 339 

Scilla, bell flowered 

planting and blooming time G 177, 178 

Scissors 

protecting points of N 48 

shears for metal work M 5* 

Sconce 

copper work M 52-56* 

Scorched stains 

removing H 335 

Scotland's burning K 384 

Scours 

remedy A 120 

Scouts. See Boy Scouts of America 
Scraper, 

definition of M 210 

Screen. See Fire screen 
Screw 

Archimedian B 143-145*, 344* 

case hardening screws M 309-310 

concealing in woodwork, method of C 343* 

countersunk, meaning C 190 



GUIDE AND INDEX 235 

PAGE 

Screw — Continued 

driving B 157 

endless B 142 

finish C 191 

flat and round head C 190-191* 

friction, provision for B 142 

mechanical principle B 139-147* 

number designation C 191 

nut, principle of B 140 

power principle B 140-147 

principle applied to tools B 156 

removing, device for B 157 

rule for power B 64 

use of C190-192* 

wooden screw, strength of B 156 

worm gear B 141* 

worm and wheel B 145-147* 

Screw drivers C 195, 199-203* 

Screw propeller 

aeroplane B 169-170, C 70-72* 

blades 

area versus power B 149-150 

finding area B 154 

principle B 147 

features of B 148 

pitch, calculating B 155* 

power 

calculating B 150-155* 

principle of B 149-150 

speed, reckoning B 148 

Sea walls. See Retaining walls 

Seal 

electric A 491 

French A 501 

Hudson A 491 

Seams. See Dressmaking 

Search fight. Electric E 153* 

Seasoning 

broiled meats and vegetables H 276, 279 

Seats. See Benches; Chairs; Settees 

Seaweed 

care of specimens before mounting A 364 

collector's outfit A 363 

mounting specimen A 364-368* 

time and places for collecting A 363 

varieties A 369 

Seeds G 227-238 

age for planting purposes G 34 

cotyledon G 230 

depth to plant: table G 35, 235 

distribution of wild seeds G 273 



236 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PA«E 

Seeds — Continued 

envelopes, makincr G 56-58* 

germination 

aiding G 236 

experiments G 31 

per cent G 232-233 

table G 32 

method of improving G 246-248 

planting 

compacting soil G 237-238 

how to plant G 99, 268 

quantity to plant: table G 36 

time, indoor and outdoor G 233-235 

saving for sale or planting G 371 

selection 

germ developing power G 231 

impure seed G 231 

seed plants G 227-228 

size G 228-233 

selling, how to put up seed G 371-372 

soaking G 138 

testing for germinating value G 33, 143 

See also Grass seed; Trees; Vegetables; also names of plants^ 
e. g.. Beans; Nasturtiums; Pansy; Peppers, etc. 
Seesaw 

mechanical principle of B 26 

Selvage N 15 

September 

blooming plants G 365 

Servants H 370-381 

cook, duties H 109, 112 

days out, adjustment of work Hill 

duties 

four or five maids H 105 

one maid H 104, 107 

three maids H 105, 108 

two maids H 104, 108, 112 

hours H 379 

mistress and maid 

business relations H 376-377 

personal relations H 371-375 

personal liberty, lack of H 372 

proportion of income required for H 76 

room H 378 

servant question H 370-381 

meals, when served H 105 

waitress 

dress H 173 

duties H 169-172 

Serving table. See Buffet; Setting the table 
Serving the meal. See Meals — Serving 



GUIDE AND INDEX 237 

PAGE 

Serving tray 

copper work M 75-77* 

Seton, Ernest Thompson 

Boy Scouts organizer K 49 

Settee 

box furniture, making C 477* 

garden settle, making D 200* 

hall settle • • -, D 49* 

outdoor settee, making C 410-411* 

Setting the table 

dining table decorations H 164 

glasses H 165 

methods H 167 

serving table, use of H 166 

sideboard arrangements H 166 

silver H 165 

table linen H 162-164 

Settle. See Settee 

Sewer pipes. See Plumbing 

Sewerage system, 

importance of . H 214 

Sewing 

apron making N 26-30* 

back stitching N 12* 

half back stitch N 13* 

bands for 

aprons N 30* 

skirts N 39*, 44 

basting stitches N 7* 

binding N 51* 

blanket making N 54* 

buttonhole stitch N 58* 

buttons N 4-6 

care of hands N 19 

counterpane for dolFs bed . N 55* 



crow s foot stitch N 55 



darning N 9-11* 

felling seams N 68 

French hem N 21 

gathering N 26-30* 

stroking N 27* 

gussets N 35-40* 

helping mother N 3 

h-emming 

French hem N 21 

gauge, notched card N 17* 

rolling the edge N 21* 

skirt N 86, 43 

straightening the edge N17 

turning corners . . . N 20* 

turning the hem N 17 



238 



GUIDE AND INDEX 



for 



Sensing — Continued 
hooks and eyes, 
knotting the thread 

substitute for 
mattresses 
needle case . 
needles, emer>' 
over-casting . 
over-handing 
patching . 
pillow cases . 
plackets . 
plain sewing, 
position of sewer 
rolling the edge 
running and back stitch combination 
running stitches 
scissors, how to hold 
seams 

felling 

stitches for. 
sewing apron 
sewing case . 
stitches . 

tap>e loops on towels and dresses 
thimble, how to use 
thread, length of 
tucking . 
turning comers 
whip stitch .... 
work box, fittings .... 

See also Basket making. Bead work, 
broiderj- 
Sewing machines 

boat-shaped shuttle type 

carriers and drivers, adjustment 

looping the thread 

setting needles 

cleaning 

oiling 

puckering, to prevent 
rotarj' hook t\'pe 

bobbin case .... 
holder, adjusting. 

compared with boat-shaped 

construction ... 

feed, regulating 

feed motion 

hook guide and hook driver 

hook ring ... 

needle bars, setting 



N 



Braiding; Dressmaking; 



PAGE 

N 24-25* 
N 5 

N 14, 16 

. N 53* 

N 46-47 

. X 19 

. N 15* 

N 15-17* 

X 3a-35 

. X 53* 

35-40*, 43 

X 3-11 

X 19-20 

. X 21* 

. X U* 

X 7* 

. X 12* 

. X 68 
X 12-17* 
X 31-33* 
X 45-49* 
X 12-25* 
X iS* 
X 4* 
X 5 
X 36 
X 20 
X 21* 
X 3 
Em- 



shuttles 



B 303-304* 
. B 302 
. B 305* 
. B 281 
. B 281* 

B 283-285 

B 293-295* 
. B 301* 

B 299-300 

B 2S5-293* 
. B 298 
. B 337* 

B 289-292* 
. B 293 

B iS7-i88 



GUIDE AND INDEX 239 

PAGE 

Sewing machines — Continued 
needles 

changing B 292 

setting B 303-305* 

presser foot B 297-299* 

repairing shuttles B 300 

stitch regulator B 286*, 293 

take up spring, replacing B 295-297* 

tension B 288-289 

thread controllers B 301-303* 

threading B 286*, 298, 302 

Wheeler and Wilson B 299-300 

shuttle action of different types B 283-284* 

tension, adjusting B 283-285 

threads to use B 282 

types B 280 

vibrating shuttle B 281-285* 

presser foot, adjustment B 285 

Wheeler and Wilson B 299-300, 337 

Shackles 

forging M 349-352* 

Shad 

food value H 253 

Shades 

cleaning window shades H 131 

See also Candle shade; Lamp shade 
Shadow embroidery 

stitches and materials N 126-127* 

Shagbarks A 39 

Shamrock pattern for Irish crochet N 341 

Sharks 

catching K 126 

Sharpening tools. See Tools 
Shawl 

crocheting rainbow shawl N 316-317* 

knitting N 356-359* 

Shears 

protecting points of scissors N 48 

tools for metal work M 5* 

Sheep 

feeding A 104-105 

book about A 517 

lambs, care of A 105 

raising A 103-107 

shearing A 106 

Sheepskin for leather work N 83 

Sheets 

making for doll-bed N 54* 

marking N 157 

See also Beds; Ironing 



240 GUIDE AND INDEX 

FA«£ 

Skell fish 

broiling oysters H 275 

food value . H 253 

preparing for cooking H 289-293 

Shellac 

method of using C 486, D 216-217 

source and qualities C 486 

Shells 

book about A 518 

collecting A 369-374 

outfit A 372 

preserving and labeling specimens A 374 

Shelters. See Summer house 

Shelving. See Book case 

Shetland pony- 
breeding for profit A 205 

characteristics A 203-205 

Shingling. See Roof 

Shinney . ^ K 367 

Shirley poppies G 322 

Shoe buttons 

how to sew on N 6 

Shoepac K'209 

Shoes 

base ball K 264 

foot baU K 280* 

for winter sports K 208-209 

Shooting 

hints on how to shoot K 115-118 

rifle shooting K 120-123 

"wiping his eye" K 117 

Shooting board 

how to make C 189* 

how to use C 106* 

Shop. See Carpentry and Woodwork; Work shop 

Shot guns 

aiming K 113. 117 

barrel lengths K 120 

care and cleaning K 123 

choke-bore gun K 119 

double barrels K 111* 

"drop" of a gun K 113 

for small game K 112 

learning to shoot K 114-118 

pattern, testing K 118-119 

selecting K 112-113 

styles for various purposes K 119 

unloading K 115 

See also Rifles 

Shovel 

blacksmith's shovel M 226, 229* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 241 

I 

Shovel — Continued 

fire tools, making M 372-373* 

home-made snow shovel A 432 

Shrubs 

characteristics, table G 355-356 

hazel bush A 34 

planting and transplanting G 134 

selection principles G 37, 354, 355, 357 

Sideboard 

arranging for ser\dce H 166 

design D 55* 

Siding. See House framing 

Sieve 

making a garden sieve G 59-61 

Signals and signaling 

marine flag code B 107-109 

weather signals B 361-362 

Silkworm culture A 337-348 

apparatus for rearing A 339* 

book about A 518 

cocoons 

preparing for market A 347 

spinning A 345-347* 

weight of A 347 

eggs 

hatching A 340-341 

laying A 338-339 

first age A 343 

food and feeding A 337, 339-346 

racks for A 342* 

moth 

how it comes out of the cocoon A 347 

fife of . A 338 

molting periods A 343-345 

stages of growth A 337 

varieties of silk spinners A 338 

Silver 

cleaning and care II 111, 185 

setting the table H 165 

washing H 183 

See also Silver work 

Silver fox 

book about A 517 

Silver maple. See Maple 

Silver work 

bar pins M 171-174* 

bezel setting M 152-157*, 163*, 176 

bracelets M 174-177* 

Indian design M 176-177* 

brooches M 171-174* 

characteristics of silver for working M151 



242 GUIDE AND INDEX 



PAGE 



Silver work — Continued 

collar slide M 170-171* 

comb M 194-196* 

cuff links M 192-194* 

enameling on D 355 

gems 

selecting M 152 

setting . . . M 152-161*, 163*, 165. 176 

hinges. See Metal work — hinges 

lettering silver on copper M 187-190* 

links, making M 167-169* 

mustard spoon M 182* 

napkin ring M 191-192* 

necklaces M 166-170* 

oxidizing silver M 204 

pendants M 169 

picture frame M 181, 185-186* 

pin M 163-164* 

rings 

bezel setting M 152-157* 

deep set stone M 157-159* 

prong setting M 159-161* 

twisted silver wire M 161-162* 

riveting letters M 188-190* 

salt cellar M 183-184* 

salt spoon M 183* 

scarf pin ^ M 162-165* 

setting the stone M 165 

spoons M 178-184* 

sugar tongs 

bowl design M 182* 

claw design M 180-182* 

tools 

chisel, making . . M 157* 

mandrel M 154* 

watch fob M 187-190* 

See also Copper work; Metal work 
Simmering 

definition H 277 

Sink 

location and care of kitchen sinks H 193 

Sirloin steak H 269 

Skate saiUng K 215-216* 

Skating K 210-216 

club skate model K 210* 

damming a brook or pond A 280 

fancy figm-es K 210 

hockey skates and playing K 212-215* 

racing skates and skating K 211 

sprinting stroke K 212 

tennis court for skating pond A 279-280 



GUIDE AND INDEX 248 

PAGE 

Skee. See Skiing 

Skiing K 219-222*, 38.5 

jumping K 222 

ski pole K 222* 

skis K 218-220* 

Skins and hides 

curing A 511 

removing . A 510 

tanning A 511-512 

solution A 507 

Skirts. See Dressmaking 

Skittles 

lawn skittles K 368-370 

Skunk 

nests and habits A 485 

pelts, value A 484, 487 

tame * A 270 

trapping A 484-486 

Sled 

bobsled K 223* 

toy, working drawing C 40, 42* 

Sledge 

blacksmith's tool M 226 

Sleep and sleeping 

advantages of outdoor sleeping A 6-9 

preparation for outdoor sleeping A 9, 52* 

Sleeves. See Dressmaking 

Slippers 

crocheting • . . . N 324-329* 

Slippery elm C 559 

Slugs 

exterminating G 118 

garden pests G 285 

rose slugs G 284, 293 

Small fruits. See Berries 

Smartweed 

class and seed time G 278 

Smilax, Southern A 55 

Smith Premier typewriter B 409-411* 

Smocking 

honeycomb pattern N 112-114 

stitch N 114* 

Smoking 

dangers of K 13-14 

Smoking set 

copper work M 79-86* 

Snake 

taming A 266 

venomous K 149 

Snake's head G 349, 365 

Snapdragon G 277 



244 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Snares. See Trapi 

Snarling iron 

definition of M 210 

Snow 

crystals, fonns and colors B 366-368* 

formation B 366 

line B 368, 369 

measuring snowfall B 367 

perpetual snow B 368 

shoveling A 431-432 

uses of B 367 

weight B 367 

Snow shoeing 

skis and skiing K 217-222* 

snow shoes K 216-217* 

Snowballs 

Japanese G 37 

Snowdrop 

planting and blooming time G 177 

Soap for laundry H 319 

Soccer. See Foot ball 

Socket wrench. See Wrench 

Sockets 

making an open wire rope socket M 281-283* 

Soda 

combined with cream of tartar H 301 

some uses of H 356 

sour milk and H 357 

Sofa cushion. See Pillow 

Softening metal. See Annealing 

Soils 

acid, improving G 30, 115, 222 

adapting crops G 17-23 

clay 

absorption of water G 218 

characteristics G 8 

formation G 214-215 

improving G 9, 104, 218-219, 224 

lime for acid soil G 30 

elements G 8 

formation of G 213 

humus G 8 

improving poor soil G 9, 103-105, 218-219, 224 

impure air in H 208 

inoculation, purpose and method G 119, 122 

lime 

absorption of water G 218 

formation G 215-216 

humus for G 225 

improving G 218 

testing for G 216 



GUIDE AND INDEX 245 

PA«£ 

Soils — Continued 

loam, meaning of G 220 

preparing for grass seed G 74-76 

physical and chemical needs G 9 

sand 

absorption of water and heat G 217 

characteristics G 8 

formation of G 214 

improving G 9, 218 

nitrogen needed G 224 

subsoil G 220 

testing G 28-31 

top-soil G 220 

See also Drainage; Flower gardening; Plant food; also names of 
plants 
Soldering 

brass vase M 144 

copper handles M 78-79 

electric iron for E 116* 

hard soldering, materials and directions M 41-42 

heat and tools f or M 11-12* 

iron, making M 45-46* 

metals M 41-46* 

outfit B 252, M 11-12* 

preparations B 252 

process B 253 

soft soldering 

materials and tools M 43 

process M 40, 43-45 

tinker's dam B 253 

imsoldering M 205 

Solomon's seal, false 

habits and characteristics G 345 

Song birds. See Birds 
Sorrel 

class and seed time G 278 

Sound 

production of E 281 

variation with speed E 292 

velocity B 249-251, E 811 

in dry air, water and metals B 250 

independent of pitch E 316 

vibrations of metal disks . E 294-295 

waves E 310 

length B 251. E 315 

Soups 

beef stock, what to buy H 268 

boiling meat for stock H 278 

to keep from curdling H 356 

Soutache braid 

for braiding N 107 



246 GUIDE AND IXDEX 

PAGE 

Spading 

how to flpsde G 8S. £65 

Spanish fly (Game) K SS5 

Sparrow 

bird enemy . K 17-1 

book about A 519 

migratioa of song sparrow . K 175 

Specific gravity 

meaning and application B 27SH280 

Speed indicatcH* 

medianism and use E 231^ 

Spice bush 

chaimctexistics G S55 

^Mders 

food for yoong wmsps A 391 

nature stady K 145 

Spiked loosestrife 

charactmstics G 365 

Spinach 

deaning . H 294 

food value H iSo 

germination per cent, of seed G iSS 

time to plant G i54 

S^ndk 

copper work M 1£4-126^ 

Spinning. See Silkwum 

Spiiea 

duumcteristics G 356 

hedge shmb G 357 

Van Hontte^s, a good varietv G 37, 38 

Spirit levd . C 205* 

Splice or scarf joints C i57* 

Spoons 

mustard ^mon. sQver work . . M 182* 

■nt set apoon, copper work . M 3^-40* 

alt flpooD, aflver woA . . M 183 

tea spocn. silver work M 178-180* 

^MTtS 

girls' outdoor ^x>rts K 318-925 

winter sports K 208-224* 

See also Archery; Base ball; Camping; Canoeing; Coasting; 
Cridcet; Curling; Fishing; Foot ball; Games; Golf; Horse- 
manahip; Hunting; Bacm^ Bowing; Shooting; Skate auling; 
Skating; Skiing; Swimmii^ IVMk atUelks; Timpping; Walk- 
ing 
Spots- See Cleaning 
Spring beauty 

halMts and characteristics . G 310 

tran^iianting . G 340 

(Maddnexy) 

B 331* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 247 

PAGE 

Springs (Machinery) — Continued 

bearing springs B 265-266 

car springs B 265* 

cross bow, making B 266* 

draw spring B 265* 

tempering steel M 295 

uses B 264 

Springs (Water) 

preparing for trout culture A 273-274 

reclaiming springs A 274-277 

story of how one spring was reclaimed A 280-282 

Sprocket wheel B 327* 

Spruce gum 

gathering A 80-83 

making A 82 

marketing A 82 

uses A 81 

white spruce A 81 

Spruce tree 

seed year A 47 

variety and characteristics C 537-538 

Squabs 

book about A 517 

care of A 216 

homers as breeders A 194-195 

killing and dressing A 196 

marketing and profit A 195 

raising A 193-197 

record keeping ... A 216 

where to get information about A 194 

See also Pigeons 

Square, steel 

carpenter's tool C 205* 

metal worker's tool M 5* 

Squash 

food value H 255 

insect pests G 287, 291. 292 

planting seed G 312 

depth to plant G 236 

time to plant G 234 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination per cent G 233 

Squash (Game) K 386 

Squirrels 

as pets K 184 

bad habits of the red squirrel A 267 

bait for A 508 

flying squirrels as pets K 185 

taming A 266-267 



248 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PA«E 

Stabbler, Sydney S. 

My experience with honey bees A 828-331 

Stains and staining \ 

alcohol stains, value of D 227 

applying stains D 228-229 

asphaltum D 229 

black walnut imitation D 230 

brown stain C 223 

chemical 

composition and use C 483 

preparing C 488 

Flemish oak D 231 

forest green oak D 232 

fumed oak and chestnut, process D 233-234 

golden oak finish D 229 

gray oak D 232 

mahogany unitation D 230, 231, C 489 

mission oak D 231 

natural colors versus imitation C 482 

object of staining D 226 

oil stain i 

composition and use C 483 

merits of C 487, D 227 

perfect stain D 227 

preparation of surface C 483 

water stain 

advantages of C 487, D 227 

composition and use C 483 

weathered oak D 233 

Stake pin 

making M 233-235* 

Stand pipe 

principle of H 215 

Staples 

designing and making M 235-236* 

Star of Bethlehem 

planting and blooming time G 177 

Starch 

boiled starch, making H 320 

cold starch, making H 319 

protecting H 319 

starching clothes H 323 

sticking to irons, to prevent H 335 

Stars 

effect of aerial tides E 229 

telling points of the compass by K 109 

time required for light to travel from E 312 

Starting box (Electric) E 48 

operation of E 81-83* 

Steam 

condensation B 125 



GUIDE AND INDEX 249 

PAGE 

Steam — Continued 

dry steam B 1£5 

expansion principle B 127 

generation of B 115-116 

heat units B 126-127 

wet steam B 126 

Steam engines 

Calipyle B 114-115 

cylinder and piston B 117-118* 

disk engine B 334* 

governors B 313-316*, 329 

gyroscope B 335 

heating principle B 121 

hero engine B 114* 

history of B 114-115, 272 

horsepower, estimating B 122-124 

noise from exhaust, reason B 113, 120 

power generation and distribution B 117-120 

principle of B 115-117 

rotary B 340* 

safety valve. . B 116 

slide valve B 118-120* 

toe and lifter for valves B 329* 

waste in power E 6 

Steam radiators as distributors of heat E 314 

Steam turbine B 128 

Steam whistles 

why steam is seen before whistles are heard B 249 

Steamboats 

development of B 271 

See also Screw propeller; Steam turbine 

Steel 

annealing M 307-309 

Bessemer steel 

manufacture and use of M 267 

brazing M 313 

carbon steel M 289, 308 

case hardening M 308-310 

crucible cast steel, making M 297 

cutting tool steel M 299 

grades M 296 

hardening 

forged jfires for M 290 

lathe tools M 301 

solutions M 291-292 

hook, making M 266-271* 

invention of B 271 

lanterns, making M 405-406* 

manufacturing ^^ ^^^ 

oxidation, prevention of M 291 

sockets, forging M 281-283 



250 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAG£ 

Steel — Continued 

soft M 264-288* 

weldless ring, making M 265* 

working heat M 264 

stretching processes M 315 

tempering M 292-296 

color scheme M 293-295 

grade of steel required M 296 

lathe tools M 301 

side tool M 304 

testing 

for carbon M 289 

for hardness M 292 

tool making M 322-326 

tool steel M 289 

welding M 296 

wrenches, forging M 273-283* 

wrought iron versus M 266 

See also Knives; Tool making 

Stencihng N 73-82* 

brushes for N 79-80* 

color schemes D 114 

comer designs for borders D 111-112 

cutting the stencil D 113, X 76 

designs, making D 108-113* 

repeating unit D 110* 

transferring D 113 

materials and tools X 81, D 108 

outline drawing D 112 

paints for 

mixing colors X 81-82 

testing D 114-115 

patterns, making from paper X 76-79* 

pillows X 77*, 378 

pinning the stencil D 114 

process D 115-116, X 79 

repeating and joining units D 110* 

reversing the pattern X 80 

stencil bands, size and purpose D 109-110* 

use in home decoration X 76, 377 

washable X' 80 

water colors for X 81 

Stereopticon lamp E 154* 

Stewing H 280 

Stickseed 

class and seed times G 278 

Still pon no moving K 337 

Stings 

care of H 364 

Stitches. See Crocheting; Embroidery; Knitting; Lace making; 
Sewing 



GUIDE AND INDEX 251 

PAGE 

Stock 

sowing and blossoming time G 161 

ten-weeks, characteristics G 330 

Stock breeding. See Breeding 

Stockings 

darning N 9-11* 

Stone wall for lawn G 73 

Stones. See Boulders; Precious stones 

Stools. See Foot stools 

Storage battery. See Electric batteries 

Store room in cellar H 211 

Stories 

Brother Juniper's cooking H 25 

Fire of coals H 37 

Irish stew . H 14 

King Alfred and the cakes H 16 

King's kitchen H 20 

Loaves and fishes H 32 

The luncheon H 32 

Roast pig H 18 

Widow's cruse of oil H 29 

Storing. See Packing 

Stove pipe 

riveting M 74 

Stoves 

draughts and dampers H 227-230 

laundry H 315 

See also Fire making; Gas range; Ovens 

Strawberries 

care of first-year plants G 92 

experimenting with varieties G 92-93 

food value H 255 

growing G 88-96 

hill culture versus matted row G 94 

planting rules G 93-94 

soil and location G 88 

staking the bed G 91* 

wood ashes for fertilizer G 94 

Street cars. See Electric cars 

Strength of materials 

nails B 46^7 

ropes, hemp and wire B 47-48 

timbers, estimating B 45 

woods C 495-497* 

String beans 

cooking preparations H 295 

food value H 255 

planting G 297 

Striped beetle 

remedy for G 285 

Stump master (Game) K 387 



J^^ 



GUIDE .\XD DTDEX 



S«f Cables. 
(Gmc) KSB7 

... H £54 

&t Mapk sug&r 

m^krag a w o mhn scoop C iTi* 

:k M 180-185* 



CottMCS 



&v ^m T^zis 



A 56 



ii 
*-•* 



1 ... (jr : 

z:.^^ I ::::> >ri: ::' . . C 4<l-4i4 

:-:-:-r :::•:--- H ^74 

ni'^'aiifT- :: z: rini B iSO 

fi^ to tzmTd from . . £ Sli 




5 . . . G »4 

food lor y - " 5 . G 20 

kte; chiri ^ . . G SS4» 365 

. . . . G 106 

mfiu uniiiBiMinj' t==:r G 161 

Ji took M ttS* 

1 K 176 

... K 181 

:- - :- -:.:■: . . . . C SK^ SB* 



5 G _ 

: 1 ir ft IS . G Idtf, SK 



A 6i 

G 3«7 



GUIDE AND INDEX 253 

PAGE 

Sweet pea 

characteristics G 889, 330 

Sweet potato 

food value . . . H ^5 

Sweet sultan . 

characteristics G 330 

Sweet William 

biennial G 322 

characteristics G 335, 365 

Swimming 

accidents K 239 

artificial supports K 239 

breast stroke K 235 

dangers, avoiding K 234 

diving . K 238* 

dog stroke K 234 

fancy stroke K 238 

girls as swimmers K 320 

learning how K 234-237 

on the back K 238 

overhand or overarm strokes K 237 

pool, artificial 

cost A 285 

in back yard A 282-286 

keeping water fresh A 286 

pool, book about A 518 

pool, natural 

danmiing of stream A 278-279 

strokes . K 234-235, 237-238 

value as exercise K 234 

Swine A 126-132 

book about A 517 

brood sow 

care of A 130-131 

selecting A 129 

cleanliness A 129 

fattening A 131 

feeding young pigs A 131 

pen, building A 127 

profit in raising A 129 

Sycamore 

characteristics C 562 

Sycamore maple. See Maple 

Symbols. See Signals 

Syrup. See Molasses; Maple sugar and syrup 

T 

Table linen 

care of H 163 

ironing H 327 

marking N 157 



254 GUIDE AND INDEX 



PAGE 



Table runner 

block printing D 102-106 

designs D 99-101 

materials D 98 

weaN-ing . . D 27S-276 

Tables 

checkerboard table, making C S37* 

dining table design D 54* 

drawing table, making C 391-394 

fastening table tops to prevent warping D 135* 

kitchen H 194 

library- table 

design D 51* 

hea\y, design and construction D 174-176* 

light, design and construction D 170-174* 

mission style, making C 360-367* 

wood finish D 237 

picnic tables, making B 132-134 

polished, care of H 161 

round centre table 

design and construction D 180-184* 

wood finish D 237 

tea table, mission style, making C 367-372* 

See also Setting the table 

Tabourette C 301-312*, G 53-55 

circular top, making C 302-304* 

estimating lumber for C 506 

hexagonal top C 305-308* 

mission stvle, making C 308-310* 

Moorish design C 310-312* 

octagonal top, making C 304* 

working drawings C 303, 307* 

Tag (Game) K 345 

last tag K 370 

warning K 391 

wood tag K 394 

Tamarack See Larch 

Tanager 

migration K 176 

Tanning skins A 507, 510-512 

Tantalum lamp 

metal filament E 145 

Tapes 

sewing on N 23* 

Tapestr\' 

wea\'ing N 303-304 

Tapioca 

food value H 254 

Tarnish on brass 

preventing M 140 



GUIDE AND INDEX Q55 

PAGE 

Tarpon 

catching K 126 

Tea 

camp cooking K 87 

Tea caddy 

brass work M 136-140* 

Tea kettle 

iron work stand for, making M 406-409* 

Tea pot stand 

copper D 351-353* 

Tea pots 

care of H 207 

Tea spoons. See Spoons 

Tea stains H 359 

Teeter-tauter 

principle of . B 26 

Telegraph 

invention and development E 59-61 

key ... E 63* 

Morse code reading E 63 

poles, use of glass knobs E 64 

relay E 67-68* 

signals, how produced E 61-63* 

sounders, operation of ^ E 63 

wires, insulation E 64 

See also Cables; Submarine; Wireless telegraph 

Telephone. E 274-295 

automatic registering device E 276 

bells 

magnets for ringing . . * E 287-290 

operation of E 289 

burning out of the coil . E 291 

central battery system E 276 

current in telephone circuit . E 287 

double metallic circuit, first used E 275 

electric spark coil E 279-281 

history of E 274-276 

lightning arrester E 292* 

music transmitted by E 295 

pole, equipment E 290 

receiver 

as switch and circuit E 290 

construction and action . . E 276-278* 

operating by induced current E 351-352 

principle of E 93-95* 

vibrator E 278-282 

resistance in the circuit E 285-287 

simple telephone system E 283-285* 

sounds, how produced E 22, 277-282 

transmitter, construction E 282-284 

vibrations of disks E 295 



^256 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Telephone — Continued 

volume of business in 1907 E 274 

wires 

installation E 290 

use of ground wire E 292 

Telescope 

water telescope K 159 

Telharmonium E 293-295 

Temperature. See Thermometers 

Tempering 

hand hanmaers M 317, 321 

knives M 356 

lathe tools M 301, 304 

steel M 292-296 

Teneriffe lace N 238* 

Tennis. . K 284-296* 

court tennis K 341 

girl's sports K 322 

hand tennis K 356 

"love" K 294 

pla>dng the game K 293-296 

raoicpt 

how to hold K 295* 

selecting K 285 

scoring K 294 

stroke K 295 

tether tennis K 388 

Tennis court 

accessories, making C 406-422* 

back stop, making C 403-405* 

dimensions and directions C 399. K 286-287* 

drainage K 288 

grass versus clay K 285, 287 

laying out C 399-402* 

making and caring for A 428-431 

marker, home made A 430 

marking K 290-293* 

net, putting up C 403 

post for net, placing and preserving C 402 

surfacing and leveling K 289 

Tents 

"A" tent K 60* 

brush lean-to K 69* 

Indian tepee K 63* 

lean-to K 59, 69* 

trapper's tent K 62* 

waU tent K 58* 

Tetanus 

cause of B 248 

Tether ball K 388 

Tether tennis K 



GUIDE AND INDEX 257 

PAGE 

Thermometers 

centigrade scale B 262 

changing one scale into another B 262-263 

Fahrenheit scale . . B 262 

history and pm-pose B 261 

scales in use B 261-263 

theory of B 261 

Thermostat, Electric E 124 

Thimble 

how to use N 4* 

Thimbleberry 

description of A 10 

jam, receipt A 11 

picking A 11 

Thistle 

Canada, class and seed time G 278 

Russian, class and seed time G 278 

Thorn apple A 23 

Thrasher, brown 

insect destroyer A 456 

migration K 175 

Thrush 

migration K 176 

Thimder 

weather symbol for thunder storm B 362 

why thunder is heard last B 249 

Tides B 212-236 

aerial B 228 

cause of B 217-220 

ebb and flow B 218 

elevations, changes in B 226-227 

height B 229 

lakes B 228 

lunar B 217-227 

moon's distance from the meridian, effect of ... . B 225-227 

neap tides B 223 

open seas B 227 

rivers and channels B 227 

Sir Isaac Newton's theory B 217-218 

solar B 222-223, 225 

spring tides B 223-225 

theory of B 220-226* 

time, changes in B 218-220 

Tidiness 

meaning of H 51 

Ties 

Irish crochet N 338-344* 

Tile drains. See Drainage 

Tiles 

cleaning H 136 

decoration of 1^ i^l7 



258 GUIDE AND INDEX 



PAGE 



Tiles — Continued 

fireplace tiles D 318-320 

for kitchen floors H 191 

making D 315-320* 

tea tiles D 318* 

uses D 315 

See also Drainage 

Timber. See Building; Lumber; Strength of materials; Trees; 
Wood 

Time 

day and night, cause of B 213 

di\'ision of B 214 

Tin 

kitchen utensils H 202 

See also Soldering 

Tinker's dam B 253 

Tip cat 

drawing and making . . . .^ C 35-37 

Titmouse 

insect destroyer A 456 

Toad 

book about A 517 

enemy to cut worm K 168 

garden pest destroyer G 280, A 265 

taming A 266 

Toasters, Electric E 115 

Tobacco jar 

copper work M 82-85* 

Tobogganing K 223 

Toilet boxes. See Box making 

Toilet closets. See Closets, toilet 

Toilet fixtures 

care of H 148, 155, 156 

Tomato 

dwarf champion G 314 

food value H 255 

indoor planting time G 233 

insect pests G 286, 292 

peeling tomatoes H 294 

planting seed 

depth and distance to plant G 42 

quantity to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 

remo\4ng ink stains with H 359 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination per cent G 233 

germination period G 32 

staking the \'ines G 119 

starting and transplanting G 118-119 

\ines, overgrowth of G 313 



GUIDE AND INDEX 259 

PAGE 

Tommy Tiddler's Land (Game) K 345 

Tongs 

blacksmith's tools •. . . . M 226*, 228 

fire tools, making M 374-377* 

iron tongs, making M 285-288* 

Tongue and groove joints C 257* 

Tongue grafting. See Grafting 

Tool boxes and chests C 226-227*. 339-341* 

old-fashioned chest C 341-344* 

suit case design C 345-346* 

Tool making M 296-306* 

boring tool M 304* 

cape chisel M 299* 

centre punch M 297* 

cold chisel . M 298*, 325 

crowbars M 352* 

cutting off tool M 305* 

diamond point M 301* 

dividers M 340-341* 

drills M 347-349* 

eccentric strap M 334* 

fire screen M 11* 

fire tools M 370-379* 

hammers M 7*, 316-324* 

hardening M 289-292 

hardie M 322* 

hoe M 328-330* 

hot chisel M 324* 

lathe tools M 300-306 

nail puller or claw tool M 353* 

pitch fork M 239* 

rock driUs M 334-349* 

round nose M 300 

set hammer M 323* 

shovel M 372-374* 

side point M 303 

steel for M 289 

stone chisel M 341-344* 

stone pick M 344* 

tempering steel for M 292-296 

tongs, iron M 286-288* 

wood chisel M 337-338 

wrenches, steel M 273-281* 

See also Forging; Steel; Welding 

Tooled leather. See Leather work 

Tools 

anvil stake M 10* 

beck iron „ M 208 

burners M H-l^* 

calipers M 255 

chisels M 9, 157*. 225* 



I 



260 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Tools — Continued 

dividers M 5* 

using M 24* 

draw plate M 100*, 102, 209 

drills M 9* 

enameling tools M 197 

face plate M 209 

files M 9* 

fullers M 224* 

gouges M 225 

graver M 209 

hack saw C 175 

hammer M 7* 

hand hammer M 224* 

peen M 254* 

set hammer M 225* 

hardie M 226*, 274* 

jewelers' snips M 5* 

leather work tools D 323-324*, N 91*, 96* 

mallet, wooden M 8* 

mandrel M 209 

matt tool M 210 

pm M 210 

pitch block M 210 

planishing hammer, using M 22* 

pliers M 6* 

pottery modeling tools D 285-287 

principle of the inclined plane applied to B 59 

punch M7*, 297* 

ring mandrel M 154* 

riveting tool M 10* 

sand bag M 210 

saw frame M 9* 

scraper M 210 

screw principle B 156 

shaping tools M 10* 

shears M 5* 

shovel M 226*, 229 

sledge ^ M 225 

snarUng iron M 210 

soldering outfit M 11-12* 

square, steel M 5*, C 205* 

stake and riveting toi>l M 11 

swages M 225* 

tracer M 211 

tongs M 226*, 228 

vise M 6*, 21*, 22* 

wedge, principle of • * ' . B 59-61* 

wooden block M 6*, 19* 

using M 28* 



GUIDE AND INDEX 261 

PAGE 

Tools — Continued 

See also Carpentry and Woodwork — Tools and appliances; Chisels; 
Drilling and boring tools; Gardening — Tools; Hammers; 
Tool boxes; Tool making; Wedge; Wrenches 

Topping plants G 199, 250-251 

Tops 

plug in the ring K 376 

Towel rack 

making a wooden rack C 274* 

Towel roller 

making a wooden roller C 267-269* 

Towels 

marking N 157 

Toy making C 40-49 

aeroplanes C 68-83* 

boat in a storm C 52-56* 

designing moving toys C 58-60* 

dog house C 42* 

electric engine E 58* 

electric spinner E 57* 

electric train operated by wireless outfit E 325-327* 

fencers C 46-48* 

happy Jack windmill C 159* 

Indian paddlers C 44-46* 

moving toys C 58-95 

cautions C 61 

method of procedure C 58-60* 

racing automobfle C 62-66* 

sawyers C 50-52* 

turkey and executioner C 56-57* 

wooden boxes C 40* 

See also Kites 

Toys 

giving away H 10 

inventions and discoveries Hll 

Tracer 

metal worker's tool M 211 

Track athletics 

all round championship K 328 

best college record K 336 

intercollegiate contest events K 360 

Olympic games, events . K 872 

one hundred yard dash, best record K 329 

scoring in all round championship K 328 

Trained animals. See Animals 

Transferring 

embroidery patterns N 128-129 

stencil designs D 113 

Transplanting. See Vegetable gardening; also names of plants, e. g.. 
Beets; Lettuce, etc. 

Trapping A 478-510 



262 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Trapping — Continued 

baiting traps A 509 

carrot bait A 508* 

for muskrats A 505 

books about A 519 

box traps A 479*, C454* 

deadfall trap A 486, 509, C 454* 

gophers A 455* 

land animals A 493 

mink A 483-484 

moles A 489-491 

muskrats. . A 491-493, 505 

profit and recreation in A 501 

rabbits A 497-501 

rats . A 495-497 

river trapping A 504 

rules of the game A 479- 483 

skunks A 484-488 

snares C 455* 

with carrot bait A 508* 

steel jaw traps, setting A 504 

steel traps, cruelty of A 502 

stop-thief traps .^ A 505-506* 

traps, humane and inhuman A 502 

swamp trapping A 503 

water animals A 502 

weasel A 494-495 

woodchucks A 488 

Traps (Plumbing) 

construction and purpose H 217, 218 

defective, reason and remedy H 218 

location H 217, 219 

Trash 

disposal of H 220 

Trays 

gouge work C 258-265* 

See also Copper work 

Tread-mill 

training dogs to run A 255-256 

mechanism B 337* 

Trees 

age, how to tell C 525 

broad leaved C 532-533, 543-555 

compound leaves C 543* 

doubly compound C 543* 

maple :C 544-548 

oak C 548-555 

simple leaves C 543* 

cambium layer A 441 

classification and characteristics C 532-566 

coniferous trees, names and characteristics .... C 535-542 



GUIDE AND INDEX 263 

. PAGE 

Trees — Continued 

cutting down, art of . K 98-99* 

danger of roots to cement walks B 15 

growth process C 5^5 

heart wood versus sap wood C 526 

identifying A 48, 71 

planting directions G 80-82 

playhouse in a tree H 3 

products of C 511 

qualities of different varieties K 101 

rings, meaning C 525 

selecting and planting G 78-82 

seeds for propagation 

gathering . . ^ A 46-50 

ripening and drying A 48 

treatment, where to get information A 49 

table describing G 367 

See also Forestry; Fruit trees; Grafting; Landscape garden- 
ing; Lumber and lumbering; Nuts; Priming; Wood; also 
names of trees, e. g.. Maple; Oak; Pine, etc. 

Trellises D 209-211* 

Trench. See Cement walk; Drainage; Gardening 

Trestle. See Saw horse 

Triangles (Tools) 

making C 386-388* 

Trick joints . C 257* 

Trilliums 

habits and characteristics G 344 

Trimmings. See Crocheting 

Triplane B 180 

Trolling K 139* 

Trophy stick, notched C 11* 

Trout 

bait K 134, 135 

culture from eggs A 273 

feeding A 272 

reclaiming the trout stream A 271-272 

Trout lily G 342 

Truck garden. See Vegetable gardening 

Trumpet vine 

decorative value G 359 

T-square C 24* 

making C 384-386* 

to prevent warping C 394 

Tub racing K 390 

Tubs. See Bathtubs; Laundry 

Tucking N 36* 

Tulip 

cone developer G 175 

planting bulbs indoors G 166 

red, planting and blooming time, G 179 



264 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Tulip — Continued 

tree, characteristics C 561 

varieties G 168 

white, planting and blooming time G 177 

yellow, planting and blooming time G 178 

Tungsten lamp 

cost of E 141*, 144 

metal filaments E 145 

Turbines 

Foumevron B 342* 

Jonvaf B 341* 

steam B 128 

water B 145 

Turkey 

book about A 519 

breeds A 185 

enemies, lice and wet A 184 

feeding young turkeys A 183, 184 

food value H 253 

habits of turkey hen A 183 

hatching, time required A 183 

laying and sitting habits A 183 

raising A 182-185 

selection of, for cooking H 271 

Turn spit dog B 337 

Turnip 

food value H 255 

planting seed 

depth and distance to plant G 42 

quantity to plant G 36 

time to plant G 234 

seed 

age for planting G 34 

germination per cent G 33, 233 

germination period G 32 

soil G 314 

Turnip-root cabbage 

planting G 300 

Turpentine 

moth exterminator H 347 

paint stain remover H 359 

Turtle head 

characteristics G 365 

where found G 349 

Turtles 

taming A 266 

Typewriter 

alignment B 420 

"blind" vn^iieT . B 406 

carbon copjdng device B 418 

card indexing device B 415 



GUIDE AND INDEX 265 

Typewriter — Continued 

carriage B 403, 404 

interchangeable, B 415*, 416 

mechanism of B 421 

disconnecting parts B 413 

double shift B 406 

duplicators B 416-418 

essential features B 419-422 

invention of B 402 

keyboard B 403, 4^6, 412, 419 

universal B 412 

kinds B 402 

line-spacing mechanism B 405, 421 

noiseless operation B 422 

Oliver, mechanical principle B 412-413* 

paper feed B 404 

platen 

essentials B 421 

interchangeable B 415 

Remington 

description of parts and their uses B 403-407* 

improvements B 407-409 

ribbon movement B 422 

ribbons, two and three colors B 109, 411, 414 

scales B 406 

semi- visible writers B 407 

smgle shift B 406 

Smith-Premier L 109-411*, 414 

spacing bar B 405 

tabulator B 413-414 

type 

cleaning B 421 

cleaning device B 410 

niechanism B 403, 404, 409, 412, 420 

visible WTiters B 407 

work done by B 402 

U 

U-tube, theory of H 215-216 

Umbrella handles 

woods and roots for A 59-61 

Umbrella stand 

design and construction D 161-165* 

iron work M 409 

mission design C 375* 

wood finish E) 236 

Unleavened bread 

nutriment H 300 

Upsetting. See Forging 

Upstairs work H 146-159 

Utensils. See Kitchen utensils 



266 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

V 

Vacuum cleaner 

electric E 243* 

home made B 378-386* 

plunger pump, making B 379-381* 

power driven, home made B 381-386* 

principle of E 53 

using B 386 

water motor B 381* 

Valerian 

characteristics G 333 

Vane. See Weather vane 

Varnish and varnishing 

drying, time required D 221-222 

dull finish D 224 

flat finish D 224 

grades of varnish C 486 

method of using B 112, C 486 

number of coats needed D 222 

quality of varnish, recognizing D 220 

rubbing down process D 223 

"sag" and how corrected D 220-221 

Vase 

brass work M 140-145* 

concrete garden vase, making D 203-209* 

pottery, making D 307-310* 

typical flower holders D 87-89* 

Veal 

as chicken H 358 

cuts and their uses H 269 

food value; table H 253 

Vegetable gardening G 296-315 

combinations for late planting . .G116 

indoor and outdoor planting time G 233-235 

intermingling from close planting G 105 

money makmg garden G 368-374 

planting tables 

age for planting G 34 

depth and distance G 42 

germination per cent G 233 

germination time G 32 

quantity to plant G 36 

seeds, selling G 371-372 

selling young plants G 370-371 

transplanting G 268-270 

from the coldframe G 101-102 

strawberry boxes for G 118 

See also Coldframe; Drainage; Fertilizers and manures; Gar- 
dening; Herbs; Hotbed; Insect pests; Plant food; Plants; 
Soils; also names of vegetables, e. g.. Beans; Cabbage; Carrot, 
etc. 



GUIDE AND INDEX 267 

Vegetables 

boiling H 279 

burning, treatment H 35g 

camp cooking K 89, 90 

cleaning ; H 293 

cooking H 356 

preparation for H 293-295 

with left overs H 355 

dandelion greens A 63 

exhibits, preparation for G 202 

food value H 250, 255 

husking H 294- 

peeling , , . H 294- 

pokeweed roots, cooking A 58 

preparation for selling. . G 369 

scraping . H 294 

seasoning H 279 

selection of, for cooking H 271 

shelling H 294 

soaking H 295 

stewing H 280 

See also names of vegetables; e. g.. Cauliflower; Parsnip; Pump- 
kin; etc. 

Verbena 

characteristics G 332 

planting G 84 

Village improvement 

books about A 518 

what boys and girls can do A 469-472 

Vinegar 

cider vinegar 

book about A 518 

making . .^ A 412-417 

"mother," meaning A 415 

Vinegar cruet 

washing H 183 

Vines 

annuals G 359 

climbers G 359 

for covering fences and buildings G 138 

scarlet runner bean G 297 

training G 139 

use in landscape gardening G 359 

Violet 

California, characteristics G 333 

habits and characteristics G 846, 364 

insect pests ^ ^^*^i^ 

Russian, characteristics G 333 

tufted, characteristics G 334 

where to plant ^ ^^^ 

wild varieties ^ *^*^^ 



268 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Vireos 

insect destroyers A 456 

migration K 176 

Virginia creeper 

decorative value G 359 

Vise 

bench vise M 6*, 21*, 22* 

quick action . C 138 

Voisin's biplane B 173-175* 

Volley ball K 390 

Volta, Alessandro E 90 

perfected method for producing electricity by chemical action E 248 

Voltmeter 

for direct and alternating currents E 93 

measuring electric pressure E 39-42 

multipliers E 92 

principle and operation E 84-93* 

W 

Waists. See Dressmaking 

Waiting on table. See Meals — Serving 

Waitress 

dress H 173 

duties H 169-172 

Wake robin G 344 

Walking 

healthfulness of K 14-17 

Walking stick 

carved by the engraver beetle A 60 

orange wood A 59 

roots for handles A 60 

shaping A 61 

Walks. See Cement walk; Garden paths 

Wall brackets. See Brackets 

W^all cabinet. See Medicine cabinet 

W^all flower 

characteristics G 332 

Wall paper. See Walls 

Wall rack. See Book rack 

Wallachian embroidery 

drawing scallops N 135 

meaning of N 134 

stitch N 134* 

Walls 

care of H 122 

cleaning appliances H 142 

cleaning wall paper H 123 

decoration of D 36, 39-41, N 76 

dry cleaning H 332 

how to drive nails into plaster walls C 246 



GUIDE AND INDEX 269 

PAGE 

Walls — Continued 

kitchen H 189 

paneled walls, cleaning H 122 

See also Embankments; Paper hanging 

Wahiut 
black 

characteristics of tree C 563 

imitation stain C 489, D 230 

device for husking A 36 

drying and storing nuts A 35 

food value of nuts H 256 

receipt for pickled walnuts A 36-37 

white, characteristics of tree C 564 

Wandering Jew 

window box plants G 193 

Warbler 

insect destroyer A 456 

Wardrobe. See Closets, Clothes 

Warning (Game) K 391 

Warp. See Weaving 

Wash board and wash boiler 

care of H 313 

Washing. See Laundry work 

Washing dishes. See Dish washing 

Washington (Game) K 392 

Washington thorn A 23 

Washstands 

cleaning H 148 

used as playhouse H 8 

Wasps 

development from the egg A 393-395 

feeding grub A 391 

habits A 390-391 

Waste 

classification H 220 

disposal of 

in country H 222 

in cities H 220-222 

Waste pipes 

care of H 156 

construction principle H 216-217 

disinfection in cleaning H 218 

misuse of H 220 

Waste water 

disposal of H 216 

in country H 222 

Watch fob 

copper and enamel D 353-355 

silver or copper work M 187-190* 

Watches 

balance and spring B 374 



270 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Watches — Continued 

Geneva stop B 319* 

magnetized B 373-375 

mechanism B 80, 374 

non-magnetic ... B 375 

regulators . B 330-331*, 374 

testing for magnetism B 375 

Watchman's time detector E 78* 

Water 

boiling point H 277 

cold water as a preserver H 357 

substitute for milk H 357 

Water and bog plants 

table G 366 

Water bugs H 362 

Water bulbs. See Bulbs 

Water closets. See Closets, Toilet 

Water fowl K 181 

Water garden G 362 

W^ater glass 

egg preservative A 177 

Water life K 158-167 

collector's net K 158* 

telescope for observing K 159 

Water lilies 

table G 366 

Water meter 

vibrating trough B 343* 

Water mint 

characteristics G 366 

Water motor. See Water wheels 

Water pipes. See Plumbing; Waste pipes 

Water polo K 392 

Water power 

estimating E 220 

from a continuous fall of water B 341* 

reclaiming a spring A 281-282 

See also Water supply; Water wheels 

Water race K 393 

Water seal 

construction and purpose H 217 

W^ater supply 

importance of source H 213 

principle of the tower H 215 

spring water A 276 

summer camp de\ices E 160-162 

theory of U-tube in waterworks H 214-215 

Water tank. See also Pumps; Water wheels; Wells 

electric warning for empty tank E 302* 

Water tax 

economizing bills H 236 



GUIDE AND INDEX 271 

PAGE 

Water wheels 

ancient B 344* 

Archi median screw principle B 344* 

barker or reaction B 343* 

breast wheel B 341* 

governors B 314-315* 

overshot B 341*, 342 

undershot B 341* 

vacuum cleaner motor B 381 

volate wheel B 342* 

See also Turbines 

Water works. See Water supply 

Watermelon 

food value H 255 

germination per cent G 233 

plantmg . G 308 

Watt, James 

inventor E 40 

Watt 

unit of power . B 125 

See also Kilowatt 

Wattmeter E 35-42 

illustration of motor principle E 36 

measuring watt hours E 40-41 

registering amount of electricity used E 37-38 

Wax 

bayberry dips A 20-21 

grafting G 256 

making beeswax A 323 

wood finish C 490, D 225-226 

See also Floors 

Wax beans G 297 

Wax myrtle A 18-19 

Waxwings 

insect destroyers A 457 

Weasel 

colors of fur A 405 

habits A 494 

Weather 

records, how made B 362-363 

symbols B 361-362 

See also Barometer; Rain; Thermometer; Weather vane; Wind 

Weather boarding. See House framing 

Weather vane 

making C 154-168* 

Zeppelin airship weather vane, making C 165* 

Weathered oak finish t) 233 

Weathering 

meanmg n ^i 

Weaving D 244-279, N 296-305 

bordered table scarf t) 273-276 



272 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Weaving — Continued 

color effects N 304-305 

curtains and draperies D 262-265 

dowel N 297 

dyeing, materials for D 276-279 

French as weavers N 303 

hand loom 

bridge N 299 

description of treadle loom D 247-249* 

home-made, wdthout treadle N 296-297 

primitive loom D 245 

setting D 249-251, N 297-300 

shuttle and bobbin D 246* 

shuttle for woof cloth D 254 

simple cardboard loom N 8 

materials to use N 301 

pattern weaving D 265-273 

drawing in the pattern D 267-270* 

hit-and-miss pattern N 302 

operation of the harnesses D 270-272 

pick D 271* 

variations in patterns D 272, 275 

portieres and couch covers D 260-262 

process D 249-252, N 300-301 

beating up the woof D 252, N 300 

drawing in the warp D 251, N 300 

pairing threads N 298 

preparing the warp D 249, N 297 

warping the loom D 250, N 298 

rattan mats N 247*, 249 

rugs D 252-260, N 297-303 

harmonizing effects N 304 

tapestry designs N 303 

warp and woof D 246, N 8-9* 

warping hook D 251* 

See also Braiding 
Wedge 

cutting tool C 169 

principle of B 59-61* 

rule for power B 64 

Weeds G 271-280 

annuals, destroying G 275 

biennials, destroying G 276 

book about A 519 

definition of A 469 

destroying and preventing A 469-472, G 275-279 

distribution of seeds G 273 

foreign G 279 

good points G 272 

medicinal A 57-58, G 272 

book about A 516 



GUIDE AND INDEX 273 

PAGE 

Weeds — Continued 

perennials, destroying Q 276-277 

propagation 

seeds G 274 

trailing branches G 275 

table of G 278 

test of acid soil G 29 

Weevils 

chestnut weevil A 33 

Weigela 

characteristics G 356 

Weight 

principle of lifting B 23-28* 

Weights and measures 

English versus metric system; tables C 500, 502 

tables H 311 

units of measurement C 499, 502 

See also Electric measurements 

Welding M 247-263* 

built-up work M 247 

butt welds M 257* 

definition of M 247, 315 

chains M 250-253* 

cleft weld M 258* 

corner plate M 261* 

electric E 158-159 

flat welds M 254-257* 

flat welds and T-welds M 261-263* 

horse shoes M 221 

iron oxidation, preventing M 247 

iron ring M 248-250*, 254* 

iron tongs M 287-288* 

jump weld M 259-261* 

kinds M 254 

lap weld M 258* 

scarfing M 254-256*, 258* 

a wrench M 275* 

socket wrenches M 277-281* 

T weld M 262-263* 

temperature of fire M 234-235 

tool steel to wrought iron M 352 

turn buckles M 330* 

upsetting M 260* 

Wells 

location and care H 214 

See also Pumps 
Western Union Telegraph Company 

equipment and amount of business E 60 

Whale oil soap 

spray for insects G 289, 290 



274 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Wheat 

depth to plant seeds G 235 

Wheel and axle 

principle of B 27, 78-82* 

rule for power B 64 

Wheel-barrow 

leverage principle B 27 

making B 375-378* 

W'heels 

mechanical movements B 318-325* 

See also Screw propeller; Turbines; W^ater wheels 

Whip grafting. See Grafting 

Whisk broom 

raffia N 275* 

White pine. See Pine 

White rabbit. See Rabbit 

Whitewash 

preparing surface walls . . H 340 

preparing the lime H 339-340 

value for cellar walls H 210 

Whittling C 6-22 

beveling C 122 

calendar back C 18* 

curves, cutting C 15* 

cutting out process C 12* 

drawing the design C 12* 

first lessons in C 9-12* 

fish line winder . C 15* 

key rack C 12-14* 

key tags C 14* 

knife 

kind to use C 6* 

method of holding C 8* 

paper knife C 121-123* 

picture frames ... C 19-22* 

propeller blades C 70-72* 

sand papering edges C 15 

testing with the try square 9* 

tip cat . . C 35-37* 

weather vane making C 154-156* 

windmills C 159-168* 

woods for C 7 

worsted w^inder C 16* 

See also Wood carving 

Wicket polo K 393 

Wicks 

trimming H 137 

Widow's cruse of oil: story H 29 

Wild animals. See Animals 

Wild carrot 

class and seed time G 278 



GUIDE AND INDEX 



275 



PAGE 

Wild carrot — Continued 

seed distribution q g-^g 

Wild crabapple .* A 21 22 

Wild flower gardening 

April, June and July blooms Q 338-339 

decorative value of wild flowers A 56 

landscape gardening q 3^2 

late blooms q 339 

March blooms q 333 

May blooms q 338 

planning and care . . . G 336 

soil .^ G 337, 338 

succession of bloom G 338-339 

transplanting G 337 

Wild flowers. See Flowers 

Wild fowl. See Game and game birds; Water fowl. 

Wild geranium 

characteristics G 342 

Wild grapes. See Grapes 
Wild nuts 

hst of . . A 29 

Wild plums 

"goin' plummin'" A 26-29 

Wild raspberries A 10 

Wild rice A 78-79 

Winch 

setting up B 77-78* 

uses B 78-81 

Wind. See Winds 
Wind break 

trees for G 79, 82 

Wind flower G 343 

Wind root G 348, 365 

Windlass 

principle of B 78-82* 

Windmill 

common windmill B 346* 

happy Jack weather vane C 159-162* 

horizontal weather vane C 162-165* 

six-bladed weather vane C 167-168 

Zeppelin weather vane C 165* 

Window-box 

advantages over pots G 190 

construction and painting G 191-192 

crowding plants in G 194 

draining G 163 

how to fasten to window G 195 

selection of plants for sunny and shady windows . G 192-196 

Window seat for girl's room N 37-i 

Windows 

batten blinds C 475 



276 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Windows — Continued 

cleaning H 134 

details of window frames D 30* 

hanging C 474 

inside trim C 473* 

location of cellar window^s H 208 

setting frames C 469 

Winds 

measuring device B 199-200* 

table of velocity B 198 

See also Weather vane; Windmill 

Winter sports K 208-224* 

clothing and footwear K 208-210* 

Winterberries 

description of A 57 

Wire 

reducing size of M 101 

See also Electric wires 

Wire ropes. See Rope 

Wireless Club E 331-332 

Wireless Telegraph 

accidents prevented by E 347, 355-357 

aerials E 331 

amateur stations E 347 

antennae E 320* 

C. Q. D. message, meaning E 356 

coherer 

circuit E 323* 

construction E 316-321* 

discovery E 346 

electric bell 

as transmitter E 321 

operated by wireless E 324* 

ether waves E 316 

fireworks, operated by E 327-328* 

first company organized E 346 

first practical use E 346 

first public stations E 347 

ground wire E 321 

Hertzian waves E 346 

incandescent lamps operated by E 327* 

law requiring use on steamers E 347 

Morse alphabet ^ E 330 

operation of a simple type E 320-321* 

relay E 322-323 

sending messages to ocean steamers E 347 

signal code E 330 

spark coil, construction E 321-322* 

tapper E 329-330* 

toy train operated by E 325-327* 

trans-Atlantic messages first sent E 346 



GUIDE AND INDEX 277 

PAGE 

Wistaria 

decorative value G 359 

Witch hazel 

characteristics G 356 

Wolf and sheep (Game) K 394 

Women 

Heritage of H 63-68 

home making power H 44 

Wood 

best woods for special pm-poses KlOl 

decay, cause of C 492 

durability C 492-494 

hard wood C 532, K 101 

beech C 55Q 

black jack or barren oak C 554 

black or sweet birch C 557 

black or yellow oak C 554 

bur oak (mossy cup) C 551 

chestnut oak C 552 

cypress C 540 

ehn, white or American C 559 

Georgia pine C 535 

holly €564 

honey locust C 565 

hop hornbeam, ironwood C 558 

hornbeam, or blue birch C 559 

larch C 539 

lam'el oak C 555 

locust, black and yellow C 565 

paper birch C 558 

pin oak C 553 

post or iron oak C 552 

red birch C 557 

red elm, slippery elm C 559 

red oak C 553 

red or swamp maple C 547 

red pine C 536 

rock, cork elm C 560 

silver, or white maple C 546 

sugar maple C 545 

swamp white oak C 552 

tamarack C 539 

white oak ^; ^50 

willow oak ^ ^^^ 

yellow birch ^^ ^5" 

yellow pine ^ ^^^ 

preservation C 493-495 

soft wood <^ 5i^^» *^ 101 

Arbor vitae ^^ ^"^^ 

balsam ^; 540 

basswood, linden ^ ^^^ 



278 GUIDE AND INDEX 

PAGE 

Wood, soft wood — Continued 

black spruce C 538 

box elder C 548 

buckeye C 565 

fir C 540 

gray, or aspen-leaved birch C 558 

hemlock C 539 

moosewood C 548 

mountain maple C 548 

pitch pine C 536 

red cedar C 541 

red spruce C 538 

white cedar C 542 

white pine C 535 

white spruce C 538 

strength of ... C 495-497* 

See also Forestry; Kindling wood; Trees 
Wood anemone 

habits and characteristics G 343 

Wood carving 

black and white design C 127 

blotter pads, designs C 125-126 

chip carving C 98-108* 

curved cutting C 104-108 

designs 

elliptical C 112-115 

for borders C 98-103* 

for centres C 103-108* 

for corners C 103* 

flat work. C 97-119* 

glove box design C 128 

holding the knife C 100* 

key rack designs C 123, 126 

knives for carving C 99* 

letter racks, designs C 109-117 

origin C 98 

paper knife C 121-123* 

pencil box C 106-108* 

penholder C 117-119* 

picture frames C 129-132* 

polishing C 131 

triangular cutting C 98-99 

veining C 117* 

woods for C 121 

Wood finishing 

aging wood C 489 

antique finish C 489 

cleaning, the first step D 213 

colors, obtaining C 488 

dead flat surface C 485 

dull finish D 224 



GUIDE AND INDEX 279 

Wood finishing — Continued 

enameling white j) gg^ 

fillers . , , . C 484 

cost of surfacing jy 217 

Hquid, formula . D 216 

importance of D 213-215 

paste, formula D 2jg 

applying . ^ ! . . D 219 

when to use liquids or paste D 215 

flat finish D 224 

polishing C 489-491 

process C 484-487 

re-finishing 

old furniture D 238-243 

mahogany table D 241-243 

rubbing down process D 223 

scraping D 239 

shellac, using ^ C 486, D 216-217 

varnish, removing D 240 

wax finish D 225-226, C 490 

white enamel . D 235 

white wood D 230 

woods that do and do not require fillers C 484 

See also Stains and staining; Varnish and varnishing 

Wood fire. See Fires 

Wood lot 

clearing for kindling wood A 407 

Wood screws 

strength of ... ^ B 156 

Wood staining. See Stains and staining 

Wood tag K 394 

Woodchucks 

taming A 269 

trapping A 488 

Woodcraft K 93-109* 

axemanship K 96-97 

getting lost K 102-109 

land marks K 103 

lost signals K 108 

See also Trees 

Woodpecker 

insect destroyer A 457, K 168 

Woodwork. See Carpentry and Woodwork 

Woof. See Weaving 

Wool combing machine 

roller motion B 820* 

Woolen clothes 

laundering H 824 

storing ^^ '^'^^ 

Work. See Housekeeping; Occupations ^ 

Work bag and sewing apron combined N 81-33 



SEP 13 191? 

280 GUIDE .\XD INDEX 

PAGE 

Work bench. See Carpentry 

Work shop 

garden tool making G 41-71* 

See also Carpentr>- 

Worms 

fish bait K 130 

Wren 

insect destroyer A 456 

migration K 176 

Wrench 

alligator wrench, making M 276^ 

flat wrought iron wrendi, making M £74-:?77* 

forging M £73-£74* 

bardie for M ^7-i* 

socket wrench . . . . M £79-£Sl* 

welding . . . . M :277-:?79 

Wringer for laundry work H 31-1 

Writing desk. See Desk 

Wrought iron 

making M £30-232 

sted versus M 266 

X 

X-ray 

ether waves E 316 

physiological effect E 336 

Y 

Yachts 

flag signals 

See also Launch 
Yeast 

principle in bread making 
Young, Sir Thomas 

ether wave theory of light 

Z 

Zeppelin's dirigible balloon B 162 

Zinnia 

characteristics G 328 

planting . G 159 

selecting seeds . G 323 



. . . B 107-109 


H 296-296 


E 545 



ELECTRICITY AND 
ITS EVERYDAY USES 



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